Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Certain Dihydroxy Flavones and the Mechanisms Involved

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of four dihydroxy flavone derivatives; 3,3'- dihydroxy flavone, 5,6-dihydroxy flavone, 3,7-dihydroxy flavone and 6,3'-dihydroxy flavone and to further investigate the multiple cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds. The effect of dihydroxy flavones on acute inflammation was studied in rats employing carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. Further, the role of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β, cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), and free radicals in the action of flavone derivatives was investigated using in vitro assays. All the four dihydroxy flavone derivatives exhibited time and dose dependent inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema. In addition, the investigated compounds inhibited both the isoforms of cyclooxygenase and cytokines in a concentration dependent manner and also suppressed the release of reactive oxygen species. The anti-inflammatory effect of dihydroxy flavones may be through mechanisms that involve an interaction with cyclooxygenases, cytokines and reactive oxygen species.

Reduced Oxidative Stress Contributes to the Lipid Lowering Effects of Isoquercitrin in Free Fatty Acids Induced Hepatocytes

“…Flavonoids are the class of ubiquitously present plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with widely recognized anti-inflammatory [14, 15], antimicrobial [16], anticancer [17], and antiallergic [18] activities. Isoquercitrin (IQ), a flavonoid, is a widely existing quercetin glycoside present in numerous nutritional sources of vegetables and fruits species [19].…”

Anti-inflammatory effect of certain dimethoxy flavones

“…Studies on a few monomethoxy flavones (Muthiah et al 1993), monohydroxy flavones (Arivudainambi et al 1996) and dihydroxy flavones (Umamaheswari 2008;Vidyalakshmi et al 2012) further confirmed the anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoids. In a recent study (Kamalakannan et al 2014) a few structurally related dimethoxy flavones were investigated for their pharmacological actions.…”

“…Few polyhydroxy flavones like chrysin, apigenin and luteolin dose dependently inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a) production and the metabolic activity of LPS stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Hougee et al 2005). A recent study (Vidyalakshmi et al 2012) reported significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b by certain dihydroxy flavones.…”

“…A dose dependent inhibition of nitric oxide has been reported for silibin (Dehmlow et al 1996) and 5,4 0 -dihydroxy 6,7,8,3 0 ,5 0 -penta methoxy flavone Liang et al (2015). A recent study (Vidyalakshmi et al 2012) reported a significant inhibition of reactive oxygen species by certain dihydroxy flavone derivatives.…”

“…Morin, a potent antinociceptive flavone ) and its derivatives have been suggested to be useful in inflammatory diseases through an inhibitory action on TNF-a and nitric oxide production from activated macrophages (Fang et al 2003). Recently, Vidyalakshmi et al (2012) reported the significant inhibitory activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL1b by different dihydroxy flavones. The results of the present study indicate a prominent inhibition of TNF-a activity by dimethoxy flavones and are in agreement with previous reports on other flavone derivatives.…”