Anti-inflammatory effects and chemical study of a flavonoid-enriched fraction from adlay bran

Currently, about half of people in Japan suffer from allergic diseases. Thus, Citrus jabara fruits have been paid attention as one of quite effective anti-allergic functional foods. C. jabara is an endemic species originally grown only in Kitayama village, Wakayama prefecture in Japan. Although genetic characterization and diversity of various Citrus fruits including C. jabara were researched, but there is room for the study on flavonoids characteristics in C. jabara fruit. For the alleviation of allergic symptom, anti-inflammatory effects are also important. In this study, characteristics of flavonoids in C. jabara fruit peels, and the anti-inflammatory effects of these purified flavonoids were investigated. Our results revealed that C. jabara is a unique Citrus that almost all of flavonoids in fruit peels was narirutin. There was no Citrus species with a flavanone glycosides content ratio like C. jabara. Although anti-inflammatory effects of narirutin was weak, but its aglycone naringenin exhibited following inhibitory effects: nitric oxide synthesis (IC 50 = 105 μM), nitric oxide synthase induction, Interleukin-6 synthesis (IC 50 = 65 μM), and inducible soluble epoxide hydrolase activity (IC 50 = 267 μM). Since narirutin is deglycosylated to naringenin that is then absorbed by colonocytes, it is considered that narirutin exists like a prodrug and its aglycone naringenin works as an active form of anti-inflammatory effect in a living body at oral ingestion of C. jabara fruit peels. Keywords: Citrus jabara; anti-inflammatory effects; flavonoids; narirutin; naringenin ARTICLE INFO

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“…These compounds were determined by comparison of physical data and NMR spectral data with articles [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Mg) Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids in Citrus jabara fruit peels

Azuma

Murakami²,

Azuma³

et al. 2018

Trends Immunother

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“…ma-yuen Stapf) called softshelled job's tears, belonging to the family Gramineae, is widely distributed. It is a nourishing food, and is also used in traditional Chinese medicine (Chung et al, 2011). Due to its beneficial efficacies including anti-inflammation, anticancer, and analgesic effects (Chen, Shih, Hsu, & Chiang, 2010;Seo et al, 2000), adlay is usually used for the treatment of warts, chapped skin, rheumatism and neuralgia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of adlay bran free phenolics on macroporous resins

2016

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“…Interestingly, the anti-oxidant activity of daidzein can be enhanced dramatically by the addition of more hydroxyl groups or ortho-dihydroxylated moieties to either the A-or B-ring, consistent with the general rules of isoflavonoid structure-antioxidant activity relationships [8,[10][11][12][13]. For example, ortho-dihydroxylated derivatives of daidzein have been shown to have significantly higher anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation activities than daidzein itself [14][15][16][17]. Among the ortho-dihydoxylated molecules [i.e., 3 ,4 ,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (3 -OHD), 4 ,6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (6-OHD), and 4 ,7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone (8-OHD)], 3 -OHD, a hydroxyl derivative with an OH group at C3 , has shown the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase/melanin inhibitory activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%