Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Implant Surface Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly

Abstract

Osseointegration of dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic implants is critical for their long-term success. Multifunctional surface treatment of implants was found to significantly improve cell adhesion and induce osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Moreover, local and sustained release of antibiotics via nanolayers from the surface of implants can present unparalleled therapeutic benefits in implant dentistry. Here, we present a layer-by-layer surface treatment of titanium implants capable of incorporating BMP-2–mimicking short peptides and gentamicin to improve their osseointegration and antibacterial features. Additionally, instead of conventional surface treatments, we employed polydopamine coating before layer-by-layer assembly to initiate the formation of the nanolayers on rough titanium surfaces. Cytocompatibility analysis demonstrated that modifying the titanium implant surface with layer-by-layer assembly did not have adverse effects on cellular viability. The implemented nanoscale coating provided sustained release of osteoinductive peptides with an antibacterial drug. The surface-functionalized implants showed successful osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and antimicrobial activity in vitro and increased osseointegration in a rodent animal model 4 wk postsurgery as compared with untreated implants. Altogether, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that this approach can be extended to other dental and orthopedic implants since this surface functionalization showed improved osseointegration and an enhanced success rate.

Soft and Hard Tissue Integration around Percutaneous Bone-Anchored Titanium Prostheses: Toward Achieving Holistic Biointegration

“…that form polyelectrolyte multilayers. LBL assembly can also be used to incorporate BMPs for osseointegration of Ti implants. − However, the process of LBL assembly is too slow, and growth factor incorporated implants need appropriate cold storage and shipping making LBL coating of implants highly cost ineffective.…”

Construction of Local Drug Delivery System on Titanium-Based Implants to Improve Osseointegration

“…LBL self-assembly : LBL self-assembly is a surface modification method based on the alternating assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to fabricate multilayer coatings [ 53 , 54 ]. This method is easy to control the thickness of coatings but also can release drugs layer by layer to promote osseointegration [ 55 ].…”

“…Gent has shown excellent antibacterial activity for most Gram-negative bacteria because it can block the protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to the ribosome of the virus. Thus, Gent is also often used to improve implant osseointegration by enhancing the antimicrobial capacity of implants [ 53 , 80 ]. For instance, Yang et al found that Gent-loaded TNTs achieved desirable osseointegration in the rat model by significantly inhibiting the growth of bacteria and implant-associated infections [ 81 ].…”

Photoelectrons Sequentially Regulate Antibacterial Activity and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants

“…Early studies focus on the treatment to enhance the bioactivity of the implant surface, for example, surface modification, [ 5 ] dosing antibiotics, [ 6 ] and loading active ingredients, such as gold nanoparticles. [ 7 ] Recent approaches have focused on simultaneously improving the surface biological activity and antibacterial performance of implants.…”