Antibiogram and Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Indices of Bacterial Isolates from Urine of Diabetics and Nondiabetics Attending Some Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

There is an increase in the number of cases of antimicrobial resistance with a paucity of data from developing nations. This study is aimed at determining the antibiograms of uropathogens isolated from diabetics and non-diabetic subjects in three hospitals in Rivers State Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion procedure was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the uropathogens with the following antibiotics: vancomycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, imipenem, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, amoxiclav and ofloxacin. The results show that S. aureus (20%), E. coli (9%), K. aerogenes (8%), and K. ascobata (7%) were the most prevalent bacterial isolates. Data showed the isolates were sensitive to imipenem (18.6%), ofloxacin (13.8%) and ceftazidime (12.3%). On the other hand, the antibiotics with the highest resistance were cefotaxime (9.5%), tetracycline (14.1%), erythromycin (18.4%), and vancomycin (21.1%). The diabetic subjects showed a significantly (P < 0.0001) lower prevalence of bacteria with MAR indices below 0.2 but a significantly (P = <0.0001) higher prevalence of bacteria showing MAR indices ≥0.2. In the analyses of MAR indices ≥0.2 bacterial isolates according to location. Abonnema had the highest percentage distribution, with higher number of diabetics (81%) to non-diabetics (19%), with P <0.0001. This was followed by Mgbundukwu, which had a higher number of diabetics (77%) to non-diabetics (23), with P < 0.0001, and then Eleme, with a higher number of diabetics (80%) to non-diabetics (20%), with P = <0.0001. This indicates a high level of antibiotic abuse hence resistance to antibiotics among diabetic patients.

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Microorganisms from Port Harcourt Correctional Center, Rivers State Nigeria

“…Resistance has been witnessed to practically all the antibiotics developed by pharmaceutical companies. Overuse and misuse of medication, over the counter drug sale without prescription, and a scarcity of new drugs have all been connected to the antibiotic resistance emergency [11]. Vancomycin, which was created in 1972 to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci [12,13], was also reported to have a level of resistance.…”