Antibiotic prescriptions in the case management of acute watery diarrhea in under fives

Udoh, Ekong; Meremikwu, Martin

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171685

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first line antimicrobial agents for childhood diarrhoea therapy are co-trimoxazole and metronidazole which could be administered empirically. Others include penicillin, erythromycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin/cloxacillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifaximin (Udoh and Meremikwu, 2017;Bruzzese et al, 2018). Howteerakul et al (2004), reported co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin, colistin sulfate, and nalidixic acid as the frequently recommended antibiotics for childhood therapy in Thailand.…”

Section: Treatment and Management Of Diarrhoeal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Howteerakul et al (2004), reported co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin, colistin sulfate, and nalidixic acid as the frequently recommended antibiotics for childhood therapy in Thailand. A study in Nigeria showed that metronidazole is the most prescribed antibiotic, followed by co-trimoxazole and gentamycin (Udoh and Meremikwu, 2017). Parenteral treatment with ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacinis recommended for severe diarrhoea cases (Bruzzese et al, 2018).…”

Section: Treatment and Management Of Diarrhoeal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries

Ugboko

Nwinyi

Oranusi

et al. 2020

Heliyon

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diarrhoeal diseases collectively constitute a serious public health challenge globally, especially as the leading cause of death in children (after respiratory diseases). Childhood diarrhoea affecting children under the age of five accounts for approximately 63% of the global burden. Accurate and timely detection of the aetiology of these diseases is very crucial; but conventional methods, apart from being laborious and time-consuming, often fail to identify difficult-to-culture pathogens. The aetiological agent of an average of up to 40% of cases of diarrhoea cannot be identified. This review gives an overview of the recent trends in the epidemiology and treatment of diarrhoea and aims at highlighting the potentials of metagenomics technique as a diagnostic method for enteric infections.

show abstract

Section: Treatment and Management Of Diarrhoeal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment and Management Of Diarrhoeal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries

Ugboko

Nwinyi

Oranusi

et al. 2020

Heliyon

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Trends in Empirical Treatment of Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Nigeria

David

Igwenyi

Ifeanyichukwu

et al. 2021

RAAIDD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is a common infectious disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in children below five years of age. Appropriate empirical treatment is therefore vital for reducing the incidence of the disease. Objective: This study aimed at determining the trends in the empirical treatment of hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. Method: The study involved the data analysis of 88 medical folders of children who were diagnosed with gastroenteritis from January to February 2020 (a period of gastroenteritis yearly outbreak) in Mile 4 Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Socio-demographic data and administered antibiotics data were collected. Result: Out of the 88 children, a total of 54 (61%) children were males, while 34 (39%) were females. The ages of the children ranged between 1-51 months, while the mean age was seen at 14 months. About 58 (66%) were diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis alone, with children aged 7-12 months recording higher numbers [25 (28%)]. Severe dehydration was seen as the most common morbidity of children with acute gastroenteritis. The guardians/parents of these children stayed at home for an average of 3 days (1-6 days) before visiting the hospital. The children were treated for an average of 5 days (2-9 days) in the hospital. The most singly used antibiotics was ciprofloxacin [31 (35%)] followed by a combination of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone [21 (24%)]. About 12 (14%) of the children were treated using a single dose of the antimalarial drug while 10 (11%) were treated in double combination therapy. The lowest duration in hospitalization (4 days) was seen in the use of a single dose regimen, while the highest hospitalization time (6 days) was seen in the use of a triple dose regimen. Conclusion: The best empirical treatment of acute gastroenteritis may involve the use of ciprofloxacin alone and its combination with ceftriaxone. The severity of gastroenteritis may also be exacerbated with malaria.

show abstract

Prescribing Practices of Antibiotics for Acute Diarrhea in Children Aged Less than Five Years Old in Pakistan

Siddiqui¹

2022

JoP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Childhood diarrhea accounts for 16% of child deaths in Pakistan. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics, prescribing of antibiotics for viral infections, self-medication using antibiotics, prescription sharing, and refilling are very common practices in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescribing practices of antibiotics for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age at a Secondary Healthcare Hospital of Pakistan and to assess the compliance of prescribers with authentic clinical guidelines of treatment for childhood acute diarrhea. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year, from August 2020 to August 2021, at a Secondary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. It was based on the collection of outpatient clinic prescriptions of children aged less than five years and suffering from acute diarrhea. The regimens or suggested therapies by prescribers for acute diarrhea were assessed as per The National Institute of Care and Health Excellence and World Health Organization guidelines. A brief questionnaire was also distributed among prescribers, pharmacists, and caretakers of children to extract their opinions regarding antibiotic prescribing in acute diarrhea.Results: Antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed for acute diarrhea among children in Pakistan because p-value was less than 0.05 (p<0.05) as calculated by descriptive statistical tools using Z-test. More than 90% prescriptions of acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age failed to comply with the authentic treatment guidelines.Discussion: Due to the limited knowledge of prescribers regarding treatment guidelines and compliance of parents with antibiotic prescribing for diseases in children, irrational prescribing of antibiotics for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age is frequent in Pakistan. Healthcare professionals must be adequately trained to ensure the proper management of acute diarrhea by following authentic clinical guidelines. Conclusion: Antibiotics are irrationally prescribed for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age in Pakistan and prescriptions do not comply with authentic clinical guidelines.

show abstract

Antibiotic prescriptions in the case management of acute watery diarrhea in under fives

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries

Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries

Trends in Empirical Treatment of Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Nigeria

Prescribing Practices of Antibiotics for Acute Diarrhea in Children Aged Less than Five Years Old in Pakistan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About