Antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus sp. isolates from polluted water in Southern Brazil

Basso, Ana Paula; Martins, Paula Dalcin; Nachtigall, Gisele; Sand, Sueli Terezinha Van der; Moura, Tiane Martin de; Frazzon, Ana Paula Guedes

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201420130512

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other studies from several countries have revealed that S. intermedius and S. pseudintermedius strains are major human infectioncausing agents among coagulase positive staphylococci collected from dogs and cats or in total from animal infections. 26,27 These isolates similar to the studies from Iran, have caused a wide variety of infections. 28,29 There is a need for identification of S. intermedius which has been demonstrated to produce enterotoxins and also other staphylococcal species from livestock specimens in order to prevent or control their transmission to human.…”

Section: The Status Of Zoonotic Staphylococcal Infectionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Role of Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococci in Zoonotic Infections in Iran

Ghasemian¹,

Nojoomi²,

Mahrooghi³

et al. 2018

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Context Typical opportunistic pathogens of coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. are capable of causing a wide spectrum of different purulent and toxin-mediated diseases such as enteric infections. 1 Staphylococcus intermedius is very similar to S. aureus in phenotypic characteristics and similarly produces enterotoxins. 2-4 Pigment production, hemolysis, alkaline phosphatase and urease positive tests, mannitol and maltose fermentation and susceptibility to novobiocin and Polymyxin B are characteristics of S. intermedius. 2,5 Originally regarded as a single species, molecular characterization has placed S. intermedius in a new classification as S. intermedius group (SIG), which includes S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, and S. delphini. 6,7 These species cause diseases in human and animals (especially people who keep pets at home). S. aureus is a human commensal, while other coagulase positive species are present in animals. It has been revealed that S. intermedius mostly infects dogs (resides on the skin or mucosal surfaces). 8 The general transferability of these species between pets and humans has increased during recent years. 9,10 Staphylococcal species are able to express a wide spectrum of virulence factors, such as coagulase, cell wall components, hemolysins, proteases, enterotoxins, toxic-shock syndrome (TSS), and exfoliating toxins. 11 Enterotoxins produced by these species are pyrogenic components not inactivated by gastrointestinal enzymes and thermal process and lead to diarrhea. Enterotoxins are members of superantigens and more than 20 different types have been recognized, however some most important agents include SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE. 12,13 On the other hand, increasing antibiotic resistance among coagulase positive staphylococci is an ongoing concern. 14 Differentiation of coagulase positive staphylococci except for S. aureus by phenotypic tests is a difficult and unreliable or insufficient process in laboratory settings. 15 Considering this, several methods have been introduced for the identification of these strains, 16 for example a molecular test including hsp60 and sodA genes could differentiate them. 17 S. intermedius is the predominant infectious agent among non-S. aureus coagulase positive species in Iran according to previous reports. The aims

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Section: The Status Of Zoonotic Staphylococcal Infectionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Role of Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococci in Zoonotic Infections in Iran

Ghasemian¹,

Nojoomi²,

Mahrooghi³

et al. 2018

Int J Enteric Pathog

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“…In recent years, S. saprophyticus has been described in aquatic environments taken as polluted, such as the marine environment in Lebanon [8] and river flood in Porto Alegre (Brazil) [7]. Here, we observed a high number ( p ≤ 0.01) of S. saprophyticus isolates in Leblon beach, known to receive waters periodically from two fluvial channels carrying untreated domestic sewage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Despite the numerous reports of this microorganism in food [2–4], the relationship between these findings and the occurrence of UTI in humans has not been demonstrated [5]. In Brazil, S. saprophyticus was described in minas cheese [6], one of the most popular kinds of fresh cheese in the country, and in the water of a polluted river [7]. In addition, reports of S. saprophyticus in the marine environment [8] and food derived from fish [9, 10] draw attention to the spread of this microorganism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus saprophyticusRecovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sousa

da-Silva

Sorenson

et al. 2017

International Journal of Microbiology

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus is an important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women, but information about this pathogen in human microbiota and in common environment is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize S. saprophyticus isolates from genitoanal microbiota of 621 pregnant women, 10 minas cheese packs, and five beaches in Rio de Janeiro city and compare PFGE profiles of these isolates with five UTI PFGE clusters described in this city. We investigated 65 S. saprophyticus isolates from microbiota, 13 from minas cheese, and 30 from beaches and 32 UTI isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion, MIC by agar dilution, and PCR. Erythromycin-resistance genes erm(C), msr(A), msr(B), mph(C), and lin(A) were found in 93% of isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance correlated with dfrG or dfrA genes. Three cefoxitin-resistant isolates carried the mecA gene. All isolates obtained from cheese were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents. Six of 10 pregnant women with >1 isolate had monoclonal colonization. Isolates from pregnant women shared 100% similarity with UTI PFGE cluster types A and E obtained almost 10 years previously, suggesting temporal persistence of S. saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance of beach isolates reflected the profiles of human isolates. Taken together, results indicate a shared source for human and environmental isolates.

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“…Potentially pathogenic species were among the resistant organisms detected and some of them were multiresistant. Basso et al (2014) 36 report that polluted water from the Dilúvio stream (Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil) may act as a reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance and enterotoxin producing Staphylococcus species into the community at large. Together, these studies demonstrate a high degree of antibiotic resistance among environmental bacteria in Brazil and provide evidence that pollution influences the observed diversity among drug-resistant bacteria in these aquatic habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water

Canal

Meneghetti

Almeida

et al. 2016

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Fecal bacteria are considered to be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment and could horizontally transfer these genes to autochthonous bacteria when carried on transferable and/or mobile genetic elements. Such circulation of resistance genes constitutes a latent public health hazard. The aim of this study was to characterize the variable region of the class 1 integron and relate its genetic content to resistance patterns observed in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the surface waters of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil. Genetic diversity of the isolates and presence of the qacEΔ1 gene, which confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, were also investigated. A total of 27 isolates were analyzed. The variable region harbored dfrA17, dfrA1 and dfrA12 genes, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, and aadA1, aadA5 and aadA22 genes that encode resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin. Most of the isolates were considered resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds and all of them carried the qacEΔ1 gene at the 3′ conserved segment of the integron. ERIC-PCR analyses of E. coli isolates that presented the integrons showed great genetic diversity, indicating diverse sources of contamination in this environment. These results suggest that fecal bacteria with class 1 integrons in aquatic environments are potentially important reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes and may transfer these elements to other bacteria that are capable of infecting humans.

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Antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus sp. isolates from polluted water in Southern Brazil

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Role of Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococci in Zoonotic Infections in Iran

Role of Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococci in Zoonotic Infections in Iran

Staphylococcus saprophyticusRecovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water

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