Antibiotic resistance in a very remote Amazonas community

Bartoloni, Alessandro; Pallecchi, Lucia; Rodríguez, Hugo; Fernandez, Connie; Mantella, Antonia; Bartalesi, Filippo; Strohmeyer, Marianne; Kristiansson, Charlotte; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Paradisi, Franco; Rossolini, Gian María

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.07.029

Cited by 94 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent studies have uncovered the presence of antibiotic r genes and even resistance-encoding integrons in the gut flora of peoples who live in isolated areas apparently untouched by modern civilization and not exposed to antibiotic therapies (16,103,104). Where did the r genes come from?…”

Section: Resistance Due To Anthropogenic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Davies

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,756

3,296

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SUMMARY Antibiotics have always been considered one of the wonder discoveries of the 20th century. This is true, but the real wonder is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. The extraordinary genetic capacities of microbes have benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop multiple mechanisms of resistance for each and every antibiotic introduced into practice clinically, agriculturally, or otherwise. This review presents the salient aspects of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act. To achieve complete restitution of therapeutic applications of antibiotics, there is a need for more information on the role of environmental microbiomes in the rise of antibiotic resistance. In particular, creative approaches to the discovery of novel antibiotics and their expedited and controlled introduction to therapy are obligatory.

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Section: Resistance Due To Anthropogenic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Davies

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,756

3,296

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“…This influence is so pervasive that integrons and resistance genes can now be found in situations far removed from antibiotic use, such as in remote communities (204,205), the Arctic (206), and endangered species (207). The list of wild animals and natural environments where clinical integrons have been detected continues to grow (144), and levels of antibiotic resistance genes in soils have been increasing since the 1940s (208).…”

Section: Integrons and Resistance Genes As Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrons: Past, Present, and Future

Gillings

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

570

472

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SUMMARY Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for genomic complexity, generating phenotypic diversity and shaping adaptive responses. In recent times, they have had a major role in the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Assessing the ongoing threats posed by integrons requires an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era. It shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Finally, it examines the potential consequences of widespread pollution with the novel integrons that have been assembled via the agency of human antibiotic use and speculates on the potential uses of integrons as platforms for biotechnology.

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“…Thus, they have been frequently isolated in Spain (15), Lebanon (16), Hong Kong (10), Bolivia, and Peru (17,19) with various prevalences. So far, however, remote-living subjects appear to have been spared, at least in Amazonia (1,9,18). Here, we investigated the spread of ESBL in West Africa.…”

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confidence: 99%