Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals: the African perspective

Abstract

In the last few years, different surveillances have been published in Africa, especially in northern countries, regarding antimicrobial resistance among husbandry animals. Information is still scarce, but the available data show a worrying picture. Although the highest resistance rates have been described against tetracycline, penicillins and sulphonamides, prevalence of plasmidmediated quinolone resistance genes and extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) are being increasingly reported. Among ESBLs, the CTX-M-1 group was dominant in most African surveys. Within this group, CTX-M-15 was the main variant both in animals and humans, except in Tunisia where CTX-M-1 was more frequently detected among Escherichia coli from poultry. Certain bla CTX-M-15 -harbouring clones (ST131/B2 or ST405/D) are mainly identified in humans, but they have also been reported in livestock species from Tanzania, Nigeria or Tunisia. Moreover, several reports suggest an inter-host circulation of specific plasmids (e.g. bla CTX-M-1 -carrying IncI1/ST3 in Tunisia, IncY-and Incuntypeable replicons co-harbouring qnrS1 and bla CTX-M-15 in Tanzania and the worldwide distributed bla CTX-M-15 -carrying IncF-type plasmids). International trade of poultry meat seems to have contributed to the spread of other ESBL variants, such as CTX-M-14, and clones. Furthermore, first descriptions of OXA-48-and OXA-181-producing E. coli have been recently documented in cattle from Egypt, and the emergent plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 gene has been also identified in chickens from Algeria, Tunisia and South Africa. These data reflect the urgent need of a larger regulation in the use of veterinary drugs and the implementation of surveillance programmes in order to decelerate the advance of antimicrobial resistance in this continent.

Bacteria from Animals as a Pool of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

“…E. coli and Klebsiella spp. are cause of mastitis in dairy cattle, but most often livestock animals are asymptomatic carriers of ESBLs producers [54,187]. The first ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from a dog with urinary tract infection and it carried SHV-12 [188].…”

Caractérisation d’<em>Escherichia coli</em> résistant aux antibiotiques dans différents systèmes avicoles de la province de l’Est et de la ville de Kigali au Rwanda

“…In Rwanda, studies on antibiotic resistance in poultry (Omulo et al, 2015) are scarce. But in other African countries, several studies have established the prevalence of resistant E. coli strains in poultry farms (Kikuvi et al, 2006;Majalija et al, 2010;Naliaka, 2011;Hamisi et al, 2012;Alonso et al, 2017). Other studies showed differences in the antibiotic resistance of E. coli between various farming systems (Okoli, 2006;Naliaka, 2011;Rugumisa et al, 2016).…”

Linear Thanatin Is an Effective Antimicrobial Peptide against Colistin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli in Vitro&lt;/i&gt;

“…Colistin is one of the most effective peptide antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria [25]. It has been used as a feed antibiotic additive for animals in China since 1986.…”