Antibiotic resistance pattern and gene expression of non-typhoid Salmonella in riversheds

Abstract

In this study, antibiotic resistance and major phenol and genotypes of non-typhoid Salmonella spp. from riversheds in Taiwan were examined. In 236 water samples tested, 54 (22.9%) contained Salmonella spp. Fifteen Salmonella serovars were identified from the Salmonella isolates, and some common serovars are associated with infections of human and livestock, including Albany (27.8%), Newport (14.8%), Bareilly (13.0%), Derby (11.1%), and Typhimurium (7.4%). Various environmental factors may also affect the presence and proportion of different serovars in the receiving waters. In contrast, serovars with narrower range of hosts, e.g., Dublin, were rarely detected. The Salmonella isolates were subjected to eight antibiotics for drug resistance, and 51.9% of the samples were resistant to at least one tested antibiotics. Tetracycline and sulfadiazine were the two most ineffective antibiotics against the Salmonella isolates, and the results were indicative of long-term antibiotics abuse as fodder supplements in animal husbandry. The more commonly detected serovars such as Albany, Derby, and Typhimurium were also more likely to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between resistance to chloramphenicol and the resistance gene cmlA, suggesting that the resistance genotypes could persist in the environment even long after prohibition of the drug use. The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. infers elevated infection risks that must be further examined.

Presence of Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Salmonella spp.: Literature Review

“…These tet genes have been identified in environmental, animal and aquaculture-associated bacteria [ 81 ]. Hsu et al [ 48 ] reported that high rates of bacterial resistance to antibiotics such as tetracycline are associated with the intensive use of these drugs in veterinary medicine. Hence, the emergence of resistant bacteria in the food chain has been a cause of great concern, even with the decline of tetracyclines use in clinical treatment [ 82 , 83 ].…”

Revisiting the Biological Behavior of Salmonella enterica in Hydric Resources: A Meta-Analysis Study Addressing the Critical Role of Environmental Water on Food Safety and Public Health

“…Four articles performed a single sampling per site ( Hsu et al, 2015 ; Li B. et al, 2015 ; Kovačić et al, 2017 ; Allard et al, 2019 ). Despite having made multiple samplings from the same sites over time, one study still analyzed the data as a single set, because it focused on reporting the incidence of antibiotic resistance in the isolated strains and did not assess the variation of isolates over time ( Kadykalo et al, 2020 ).…”

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in urban sewage: Role of full-scale wastewater treatment plants on environmental spreading

“…Keen and Montforts (2012) suggested that AR can also be found where antibiotics are not found, due to the environmental transport and dispersion of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). That's why ARGs have also been defined as environmental contaminants themselves (Hsu et al, 2015;Miranda et al, 2016).…”