Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Plasmid Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase- producing Escherichia coli from Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Awopeju, A. T. O.; Ide, Lucy Eberechukwu Yaguo; Obunge, Orikomaba

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2015/19045

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Results of this research show that a high degree of ceftazidime resistance in the test isolates was plasmid mediated. Similar to this study, two other studies involving plasmid curing had reported that highest levels of change in resistance occurred in ceftazidime specifically or cephalosporins in general (Awopeju et al, 2015, Alkali et al, 2018, Orhue et al, 2017. Plasmid curing had less of an effect on levels of resistance (25% change) against cefuroxime which is a 2nd generation cephalosporin than ceftazidime.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Variations have however been noted with regards to ciprofloxacin. The 20% noted in this study was much higher than the 9% difference reported by Orhue and colleagues (Orhue et al, 2017) but much lower than the 60.6% reported by a study looking at plasmid curing in Staphylococci (Ojo et al, 2014), and another looking at plasmid curing in ESBL E. coli which reported a 45.2% change (Awopeju et al, 2015). Mutations in the chromosome have since been recognised as the predominant quinolone resistance mechanism (Yang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Only a few studies assayed for possible links between these plasmids and drug resistance using plasmid curing experiments, particularly in clinical isolates. Fewer even, have looked at isolates from our particular geographical location (Awopeju et al, 2015, Horsfall et al, 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escherichia coli as Possible Agents of Spread of Multidrug Resistance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

Otokunefor

Osogho

Nwankwo

2019

Annals of Science and Technology

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a growing global issue. The problem of MDR is fuelled in part by the spread of the genes encoding resistance horizontally which is linked particularly to conjugation involving plasmids. Studies have demonstrated the presence of plasmids in drug resistant isolates, few have shown a link between these plasmids and drug resistance via plasmid curing especially in our locale. This study set out to explore this link in Escherichia coli isolates from Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Plasmid curing was done on a selection of clinical and non-clinical bacteria using acridine orange and antibiotic susceptibility testing carried out on both cured and uncured variants. Data generated was analysed to ascertain the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and MDR of each isolate. Data was then compared to ascertain effects of plasmid curing on antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Results revealed a decrease in resistance to 7 of 8 antibiotics following plasmid curing. The highest change was noted in ceftazidime (40%), followed by ofloxacin (26.7%). Plasmid curing caused a shift in MAR index values of isolates from higher to lower indices. At MAR index values of ≤0.25 occurrence increased from 5% to 36.7% while at MAR index values ≥0.75, occurrence reduced from 29.9% to 10.0%. A reduction in the degree of MDR was noted (from 55% to 36.7%). Strikingly, the reduction in MDR level of non-clinical isolates was 30% as opposed to 3.4% in the clinical isolates. This study shows a link between plasmids and antibiotic resistance. For the non-clinical isolates, the high-level link between MDR and plasmid carriage could indicate a higher use of antimicrobials in non-clinical rather than clinical settings. Additionally, it could be an indicator for a higher risk of the transfer of MDR determinants from non-clinical sources to human populations in our locale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Escherichia coli as Possible Agents of Spread of Multidrug Resistance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

Otokunefor

Osogho

Nwankwo

2019

Annals of Science and Technology

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A systematic review on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Nigeria

Tanko

Bolaji

Olayinka

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

Venne

Hartley

Malchione

et al. 2023

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are among the most serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. Emerging resistance to polymyxins raises the specter of untreatable infections. These resistant organisms have spread globally but, as indicated in WHO reports, the surveillance needed to identify and track them is insufficient, particularly in less resourced countries. This study employs comprehensive search strategies with data extraction, meta-analysis and mapping to help address gaps in the understanding of the risks of carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in the nations of Africa. Methods Three comprehensive Boolean searches were constructed and utilized to query scientific and medical databases as well as grey literature sources through the end of 2019. Search results were screened to exclude irrelevant results and remaining studies were examined for relevant information regarding carbapenem and/or polymyxin(s) susceptibility and/or resistance amongst E. coli and Klebsiella isolates from humans. Such data and study characteristics were extracted and coded, and the resulting data was analyzed and geographically mapped. Results Our analysis yielded 1341 reports documenting carbapenem resistance in 40 of 54 nations. Resistance among E. coli was estimated as high (> 5%) in 3, moderate (1–5%) in 8 and low (< 1%) in 14 nations with at least 100 representative isolates from 2010 to 2019, while present in 9 others with insufficient isolates to support estimates. Carbapenem resistance was generally higher among Klebsiella: high in 10 nations, moderate in 6, low in 6, and present in 11 with insufficient isolates for estimates. While much less information was available concerning polymyxins, we found 341 reports from 33 of 54 nations, documenting resistance in 23. Resistance among E. coli was high in 2 nations, moderate in 1 and low in 6, while present in 10 with insufficient isolates for estimates. Among Klebsiella, resistance was low in 8 nations and present in 8 with insufficient isolates for estimates. The most widespread associated genotypes were, for carbapenems, blaOXA-48,blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181 and, for polymyxins, mcr-1, mgrB, and phoPQ/pmrAB. Overlapping carbapenem and polymyxin resistance was documented in 23 nations. Conclusions While numerous data gaps remain, these data show that significant carbapenem resistance is widespread in Africa and polymyxin resistance is also widely distributed, indicating the need to support robust AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in a manner that also addresses broader animal and environmental health dimensions.

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Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Plasmid Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase- producing Escherichia coli from Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Escherichia coli as Possible Agents of Spread of Multidrug Resistance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

Escherichia coli as Possible Agents of Spread of Multidrug Resistance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

A systematic review on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Nigeria

Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

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