Antibiotic Therapy: The Cornerstone of Iatrogenic Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Pinato, David J.; Cortellini, Alessio

doi:10.1200/jco.23.00049

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Along the same line, Fulgenzi et al, in a meta-analysis of phase III studies, concluded that the combinations of ICIs with anti-VEGF agents and double ICIs led to the greatest OS benefit, as compared to sorafenib alone, while ICI plus kinase inhibitor regimens were associated with greater PFS benefit at the cost of higher toxicity rates [156]. Gut microbiota has become an increasingly significant factor that affects anticancer immunity and the response to immunotherapy [165]. Eng et al conducted a population-based study to investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment on the efficacy of immunotherapy in a large group of 2737 patients who received immune checkpoint blockade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?

Papadakos

Arvanitakis

Stergiou

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as the mainstay treatment option for unresectable HCC. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing and responding primarily to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. In addition to its role in the innate immune system, TLR4 has also been implicated in adaptive immunity, including specific anti-tumor immune responses. In particular, the TLR4 signaling pathway seems to be involved in the regulation of several cancer hallmarks, such as the continuous activation of cellular pathways that promote cell division and growth, the inhibition of programmed cell death, the promotion of several invasion and metastatic mechanisms, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and epigenetic modifications. Emerging evidence further suggests that TLR4 signaling holds promise as a potential immunotherapeutic target in HCC. The aim of this review was to explore the multilayer aspects of the TLR4 signaling pathway, regarding its role in liver diseases and HCC, as well as its potential utilization as an immunotherapy target for HCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?

Papadakos

Arvanitakis

Stergiou

et al. 2023

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity

et al. 2023

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Cancer immunotherapy, largely represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has led to substantial changes in preclinical cancer research and clinical oncology practice over the past decade. However, the efficacy and toxicity profiles of ICIs remain highly variable among patients, with only a fraction achieving a significant benefit. New combination therapeutic strategies are being investigated, and the search for novel predictive biomarkers is ongoing, mainly focusing on tumor- and host-intrinsic components. Less attention has been directed to all the external, potentially modifiable factors that compose the exposome, including diet and lifestyle, infections, vaccinations, and concomitant medications, which could affect the immune system response and its activity against cancer cells. We hereby provide a review of the available clinical evidence elucidating the impact of host-extrinsic factors on ICI response and toxicity.

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Antibiotic Therapy: The Cornerstone of Iatrogenic Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?

The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity

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