Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Townsend, Cassandra M; Parker, Claire E; MacDonald, John K; Nguyen, Tran M; Jairath, Vipul; Feagan, Brian G.; Khanna, Reena

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012730

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Patients who had undergone ileal resection and were treated with metronidazole, an antibiotic that is usually ineffective in patients with ileitis ( 180 ), exhibited a delay in symptomatic recurrence ( 181 ). A systematic review of antibiotic therapy in CD patients found that antibiotics likely have a modest effect that may not be clinically relevant ( 182 ). Furthermore, to maintain antibiotic treatment efficacy and prevent relapse, long-term treatment is required, as with all therapies for CD ( 183 , 184 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Targeting Of the Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2020

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. These mucosal tissues bear commonalities in embryology, structure and physiology. Inherent similarities in immune responses at the two sites, as well as overlapping environmental risk factors, help to explain the increase in prevalence of IBD amongst COPD patients. Over the past decade, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to define the microbiological makeup of the intestine, known as the intestinal microbiota, and determine its contribution to health and disease. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is now known to be associated with IBD where it impacts upon intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and leads to augmented immune responses and the perpetuation of chronic inflammation. While much less is known about the lung microbiota, like the intestine, it has its own distinct, diverse microflora, with dysbiosis being reported in respiratory disease settings such as COPD. Recent research has begun to delineate the interaction or crosstalk between the lung and the intestine and how this may influence, or be influenced by, the microbiota. It is now known that microbial products and metabolites can be transferred from the intestine to the lung via the bloodstream, providing a mechanism for communication. While recent studies indicate that intestinal microbiota can influence respiratory health, intestinal dysbiosis in COPD has not yet been described although it is anticipated since factors that lead to dysbiosis are similarly associated with COPD. This review will focus on the gut-lung axis in the context of IBD and COPD, highlighting the role of environmental and genetic factors and the impact of microbial dysbiosis on chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract and lung.

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Section: Therapeutic Targeting Of the Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2020

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“…39 Weber and colleagues compared gut decontamination using ciprolfloxacin and metronidazole, or rifaxim only, which is a poorly absorbed oral antibiotic already used in inflammatory bowel disease. [40][41][42] This latter antibiotic has some activity against Enterobacteriaceae, 43 and may induce eubiotic changes in the intestinal ecosystem. 44 These authors found a significant reduction in gut GvHD and 1-year transplant related mortality, and a significant increase in overall survival, with less enterococcal load and higher urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate concentrations in the rifaximin group.…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the role of intestinal microbiota in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Zama

Bossù

Leardini

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

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The gut microbiota (GM) is able to modulate the human immune system. The development of novel investigation methods has provided better characterization of the GM, increasing our knowledge of the role of GM in the context of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, the GM influences the development of the major complications seen after HSCT, having an impact on overall survival. In fact, this evidence highlights the possible therapeutic implications of modulation of the GM during HSCT. Insights into the complex mechanisms and functions of the GM are essential for the rational design of these therapeutics. To date, preemptive and curative approaches have been tested. The current state of understanding of the impact of the GM on HSCT, and therapies targeting the GM balance is reviewed herein.

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“…In both groups, GM richness and diversity decreased markedly, but were restored gradually after cessation of antibiotics [95]. Using ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, or rifaximin only for gut decontamination, studies revealed a significant reduction in gut GvHD and 1-year transplant related mortality, and a significant increase in overall survival, with less enterococcal load and higher urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate concentrations in the rifaximin group [96][97][98]. Furthermore, treatment of infectious complications with systemic antibiotics did not abrogate the beneficial effects of rifaximin on GM composition and on HSCT outcomes [99].…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Sun

Cao

et al. 2020

Exp Hematol Oncol

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Studies of the gut microbiota (GM) have demonstrated the close link between human wellness and intestinal commensal bacteria, which mediate development of the host immune system. The dysbiosis, a disruption of the microbiome natural balance, can cause serious health problems. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may cause significant changes in GM due to their underlying malignancies and exposure to extensive chemotherapy and systemic antibiotics, which may lead to different disorders. There are complex and multi-directional interactions among intestinal inflammation, GM and immune reactivity after HSCT. There is considerable effect of the human intestinal microbiome on clinical course following HSCT. Some bacteria in the intestinal ecosystem may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for preventing relapse and improving survival rate after HSCT. Microbiota can be used as predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT. Two different strategies with targeted modulation of GM, preemptive and therapeutic, have been used for preventing or treating GM dysbiosis in patients with HSCT. Preemptive strategies include enteral nutrition (EN), prebiotic, probiotic, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic strategies, while therapeutic strategies include FMT, probiotic and lactoferrine usages. In this review, we summarize the advance of therapies targeting GM in patients with HSCT.

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Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Insights into the role of intestinal microbiota in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

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