Antibody Arrays: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications in Cancer

Abstract

Antibody arrays represent one of the high-throughput techniques that are able to detect multiple proteins simultaneously. One of the main advantages of this technology over other proteomic approaches is that the identities of the measured proteins are known or can be readily characterized, allowing a biological interpretation of the results. Features such as lower sample volume and antibody concentration requirements, higher format versatility, and reproducibility support the increasing use of antibody arrays in cancer research. Clinical applications include disease marker discovery for diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response, characterization of signaling and protein pathways, and modifications associated with disease development and progression. This report presents an overview of technical issues of the main antibody array formats and various applications in cancer research. Antibody arrays are high-throughput tools that improve the functional characterization of molecular bases for disease. Furthermore, identification and validation of protein expression patterns, characteristic of cancer progression, and tumor subtypes may intervene and improve tailored therapies in the clinical management of cancer patients.

Amplification of MPZL1/PZR promotes tumor cell migration through Src-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Microarray technologies have been widely used in exploring cancer signaling pathways [42], including gene expression array [43], microRNA array [44] and protein array [45]. Recently, there is an intense interest in applying proteomics to foster an improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis [42].…”

“…Recently, there is an intense interest in applying proteomics to foster an improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis [42]. For example, Kang et al [27] performed a phospho-proteomics-based study using a phospho-antibody microarray to comprehensively provide mechanistic insight into the role of RSK2 in HNSCC metastasis.…”

Detection and differentiation of normal, cancerous, and metastatic cells using nanoparticle-polymer sensor arrays

“…Observation of overexpressed antigens (6) on tumor cells using antibody-based platforms have been explored using ELISA (7), surface plasmon resonance (8,9), nanoparticles (10-13), microcantilevers (14), carbon nanotubes (15,16), and expression microarrays (17). Antibody arrays provide an effective but complex approach for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis (18), however, there is no single marker or a combination of biomarkers that has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between normal, cancerous, and metastatic cell types (19). Here, we describe a detection system that is based on selective noncovalent interactions between cell surface components and nanoparticle-based sensor elements that does not require any previous knowledge of intracellular or extracellular biomarkers.…”

Approach to Quantitative Detection of CD146 with a Label-free Protein Biosensor Based on Imaging Ellipsometry

“…So far, it has been proved that detection of tumor markers is an efficient method to make a prompt and early-stage diagnosis [2]. Therefore, the need for novel and effective methods which can detect tumor markers rapidly, sensitively and reliably is consequently being subjected to extensive interest.…”