Antibody response of smokers to the COVID-19 vaccination: Evaluation based on cigarette dependence

Mori, Yukihiro; Tanaka, Mamoru; Kozai, Hana; Hotta, Kiyoshi; Aoyama, Yuka; Shigeno, Yukihiro; Aoike, Makoto; Kawamura, Hatsumi; Tsurudome, Masato; Ito, Morihiro

doi:10.5582/ddt.2022.01022

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As secondary factors modulating the vaccine-induced antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, we gathered additional information on the BMI and smoking habits of the study subjects. Contrary to the literature [ 10 , 37 ], the active smokers did not seem to build up significantly lower anti-S-RBD Ig antibody concentrations compared with the study subjects who had quit smoking or were never-smokers, which could be explained by the overall small number of active smokers in each group. Strikingly, in our study, overweight triple-vaccinated subjects with a BMI > 30 demonstrated significantly higher anti-S-RBD Ig antibody concentrations compared with normal-weight study subjects, which conflicts with several other available studies [ 12 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers

Hentschel,

Horsch,

Mayer

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the novel class of mRNA vaccines has been granted first-time approval for active immunization against SARS-CoV-2 alongside the already established viral vector-based vaccines. In this prospective single-center study, we set out to determine the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a population of 1512 health care employees after the second and third vaccination, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigen antibody concentrations were assessed using commercially available immunoassays. We could show that, in particular, young study subjects aged below 30 years, as well as those with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, developed significantly higher antibody concentrations. Our data further suggest that being in physically close contact with formerly SARS-CoV-2-positive people positively affects the post-vaccination response. Surprisingly, study subjects with a BMI > 30 produced the highest anti-S-RBD Ig antibody levels if they had recently received their third vaccination. Also, heterologous dual vaccine regimens consisting of a BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, a homologous triple combination of BNT162b2, and an application of mRNA-1273 as the third vaccine, were most efficient at eliciting a humoral immune response. Our study substantiates existing evidence, but beyond that, scrutinizes the impact of vaccine agents and their respective combinations, as well as different time intervals on humoral immunogenicity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers

Hentschel,

Horsch,

Mayer

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…Another fact is that the smoking rate in non-infected HCWs was higher than that in infected ones. It was reported that infected patients who smoke have a lower antibody response, which is a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; the frequency in hospitalized patients was lower than in the normal population [24,42,43]. In our cohort of HCWs, we saw a paradox of smokers being in the non-infected HCWs group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Validation of N Protein Antibodies to Diagnose Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers: Use of Roche Elecsys® Immunoassay in the S Protein Vaccination Era

Delgado

Vidal

Julià

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The aim of this study was to validate the detection of anti-nucleocapsid protein (N protein) antibodies for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the fact that most COVID-19 vaccines use the spike (S) protein as the antigen. Here, 3550 healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled from May 2020 (when no S protein vaccines were available). We defined SARS-CoV-2 infection if HCWs were found to be positive by RT-PCR or found to be positive in at least two different serological immunoassays. Serum samples from Biobanc I3PT-CERCA were analyzed by Roche Elecsys® (N protein) and Vircell IgG (N and S proteins) immunoassays. Discordant samples were reanalyzed with other commercial immunoassays. Roche Elecsys® showed the positivity of 539 (15.2%) HCWs, 664 (18.7%) were found to be positive by Vircell IgG immunoassays, and 164 samples (4.6%) showed discrepant results. According to our SARS-CoV-2 infection criteria, 563 HCWs had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Roche Elecsys® immunoassay has a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance with the presence of infection of 94.7%, 99.8%, 99.3%, and 0.96, respectively. Similar results were observed in a validation cohort of vaccinated HCWs. We conclude that the Roche Elecsys® SARS-CoV-2 N protein immunoassay demonstrated good performance in diagnosing previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of HCWs.

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“…Recent studies have found a negative association between smoking and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Current smokers show lower antibody titers after vaccine administration and a faster decline in antibody levels over time than non-smokers [29,30]. Furthermore, a Japanese study found that antibody responses declined with increasing cigarette dependence [29].…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term course of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated and unvaccinated staff and residents in a Swiss nursing home: a cohort study 2021–2022

Perrig,

Abela,

Banholzer

et al. 2023

Swiss Med Wkly

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BACKGROUND: Given their high-risk resident population, nursing homes were critical institutions in the COVID-19 pandemic, calling for continued monitoring and vaccine administration to healthcare workers and residents. Here, we studied long-term severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity in vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare workers and residents of a nursing home in Switzerland between February 2021 and June 2022. METHODS: Our study comprised 45 participants, of which 39 were healthcare workers and six were residents. All participants were offered a maximum of three mRNA vaccine doses (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2) in December 2020, January 2021, and November/December 2021. Thirty-five participants received three vaccinations, seven either one or two, and three remained unvaccinated. We collected four blood samples: one in March 2021 and three during follow-ups in November 2021, February 2022, and June 2022. We performed a multifactorial serological SARS-CoV-2 assay (ABCORA) for immunoglobulin G, A, and M responses to spike (receptor-binding domain, S1, and S2) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Furthermore, we assessed predicted neutralisation activity based on signal over cutoff in ABCORA. We collected epidemiological data from participants via a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-two (71%) of the 45 participants showed hybrid immunity from combined vaccination and previous infection; 10 (22%) had only vaccine-induced immunity; and three (7%) had only post-infection immunity. Participants with hybrid immunity showed the highest predicted neutralisation activity at the end of the study period (median Sum S1 = 273), and unvaccinated participants showed the lowest (median Sum S1 = 41). Amongst participants who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection, median Sum S1 levels increased with the number of vaccinations (p = 0.077). The healthcare worker group showed a significant time-dependent decrease in median Sum S1 after base immunisation (93% decrease, p = 0.0005) and the booster dose (26% decrease, p = 0.010). Predicted neutralisation activity was lower amongst residents (adjusted ratio of means [AM] = 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–1.0) and amongst smokers (AM = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.8). Activity increased with the number of vaccinations (booster: AM = 3.6, 95% CI 1.5–8.8; no booster: AM = 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–2.5). Positive SARS-CoV-2 infection status tended to confer higher predicted neutralisation levels (AM = 1.5, 95% CI 0.9–2.5). CONCLUSIONS: Our study of the long-term serological course of SARS-CoV-2 in a nursing home showed that the first SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine was essential for maintaining antiviral antibody levels. Hybrid immunity sustained SARS-CoV-2 immunity at the highest level. In critical settings such as nursing homes, monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 immune status may guide booster vaccinations.

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Antibody response of smokers to the COVID-19 vaccination: Evaluation based on cigarette dependence

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers

A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers

Validation of N Protein Antibodies to Diagnose Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers: Use of Roche Elecsys® Immunoassay in the S Protein Vaccination Era

Long-term course of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated and unvaccinated staff and residents in a Swiss nursing home: a cohort study 2021–2022

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