Anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone

Özbakış-Dengiz, Günnur; Bakirci, Ayşegül

doi:10.1631/jzus.b0820316

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CAT acts as preventive antioxidant [82]; its primary role is to scavenge H 2 O 2 that has been generated by free radicals and convert it to water [83]. The present results showed that the administration of amiodarone and the exposure to waterpipe smoke caused a significant decrease in CAT activity these results are consistent with the previous study of Ozbakis-Dengiz and Bakirci [28]; which demonstrated that administration of amiodarone decreased the activity of CAT in male mice and rats. Also, Al-Shammari et al [52] postulated that the decrement in CAT activity in amiodarone administered group resulting from induction of oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Wyss et al [27] reported that amiodarone pass into the brain and it has an anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects. Moreover, amiodarone prolonged the sleeping time and behaved as central nervous system depressant drug in pentobarbital-induced sleeping in rat model [28]. Many reports attributed the anticonvulsant activity of amiodarone to its activity as a multiple ion-channel blocker drug which inhibit Na + , Ca 2+ inward and K + outward currents [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, amiodarone prolonged the sleeping time and behaved as central nervous system depressant drug in pentobarbital-induced sleeping in rat model [28]. Many reports attributed the anticonvulsant activity of amiodarone to its activity as a multiple ion-channel blocker drug which inhibit Na + , Ca 2+ inward and K + outward currents [28,29]. It well known that when action potentials depolarize the plasma membrane of the axon terminal, voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels is open.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Abdel-Rahman

Bauomy

Salem

et al. 2018

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Waterpipe smoking is one of the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide which induces many health problems. In the present study; we evaluated the toxic effects of waterpipe smoke by using amiodarone as a model for lung toxicity in adult male albino rats. Also, the protective and therapeutic effects of carob aqueous extract on these toxicity which produced by daily exposure to waterpipe smoke for 8 weeks. The amiodarone gavage significantly increased serotonin content in brainstem and cerebral cortex after 8 and 2 weeks respectively and dopamine content at most of time intervals. Moreover, waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant decrease in dopamine content after 2 weeks in brainstem and in serotonin content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex. While, increment in dopamine content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex may be due to increase its synthesis which strengthens the coughing reflex. Amiodarone gavage and waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity, hydroxyproline content and nitric oxide level in lung; while, catalase activity was decreased significantly. Consequently, waterpipe smoke exposure for long time caused serious harmful effects on brain and lung nearly like amiodarone. Carob extract pre-and post-treatment has the ability to protect and ameliorate these effects due to its antioxidant and anti-coughing effects. So, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of the effective components in the extract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Abdel-Rahman

Bauomy

Salem

et al. 2018

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…Systemically administered amiodarone passes the blood–brain barrier [ 13 , 14 ] and can exert its pharmacological effects on the central nervous system [ 15 ]. The pharmacological profile of amiodarone is complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effects of amiodarone in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIon channels play a crucial role in the development of ischemic brain injury. Recent studies have reported that the blockade of various types of ion channels improves outcomes in experimental stroke models. Amiodarone, one of the most effective drugs for life-threatening arrhythmia, works as a multiple channel blocker and its characteristics cover all four Vaughan-Williams classes. Although it is known that amiodarone indirectly contributes to preventing ischemic stroke by maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation, the direct neuroprotective effect of amiodarone has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effect of amiodarone on ischemic stroke in mice.MethodsFocal cerebral ischemia was induced via distal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male mice. The amiodarone pre-treatment group received 50 mg/kg of amiodarone 1 h before MCAO; the amiodarone post-treatment groups received 50 mg/kg of amiodarone immediately after MCAO; the control group received vehicle only. In addition, the sodium channel opener veratrine and selective beta-adrenergic agonist isoprotelenol were used to elucidate the targeted pathway. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored perioperatively. Infarct volume analysis was conducted 48 h after MCAO. The body asymmetry test and the corner test were used for neurological evaluation.ResultsAmiodarone pre-treatment and post-treatment reduced the heart rate but did not affect the blood pressure. No mice showed arrhythmia. Compared with the control group, the amiodarone pre-treatment group had smaller infarct volumes (8.9 ± 2.1% hemisphere [mean ± SD] vs. 11.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05) and improved functional outcomes: lower asymmetric body swing rates (52 ± 17% vs. 65 ± 18%; P < 0.05) and fewer left turns (7.1 ± 1.2 vs. 8.3 ± 1.2; P < 0.05). In contrast, amiodarone post-treatment did not improve the outcomes after MCAO. The neuroprotective effect of amiodarone pre-treatment was abolished by co-administration of veratrine but not by isoproterenol.ConclusionsAmiodarone pre-treatment attenuated ischemic brain injury and improved functional outcomes without affecting heart rhythm and blood pressure. The present results showed that amiodarone pre-treatment has neuroprotective effects, at least in part, via blocking the sodium channels.

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“…some antiarrhythmics exhibiting anticonvulsant effects at lower doses may decrease the seizure threshold or even induce seizures at higher doses, e.g. mexiletine [ 5 – 12 ]. Antiarrhythmics have been found to affect not only a seizure threshold but also the action of antiepileptics in different seizure models [ 13 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Mexiletine with Novel Antiepileptic Drugs in the Maximal Electroshock Test in Mice: An Isobolographic Analysis

et al. 2018

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The aim of the study was to evaluate precisely the type of interactions between mexiletine (an antiarrhythmic drug) and four new generation antiepileptic drugs: lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate and pregabalin in the maximal electroshock test in mice (MES). The isobolographic analysis was used to assess the nature of interactions between the tested drugs. Total brain concentrations of antiepileptics were also measured to detect possible pharmacokinetic interactions. The results obtained indicated that the mixture of mexiletine and pregabalin at the fixed ratios of 1:1 and 3:1 led to supra-additive interaction in terms of seizure suppression, while the proportion of 1:3 occurred additive. Synergism was also demonstrated for the combination of mexiletine and topiramate in all three proportions. Combinations of mexiletine with lamotrigine and mexiletine with oxcarbazepine were found to be additive. Adverse-effect profiles of mexiletine, antiepileptics and drug combinations were evaluated in the chimney test (motor coordination) and step-through passive-avoidance task (long-term memory). Mexiletine and drug combinations did not impair long-term memory. Moreover, all combinations of mexiletine with lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and topiramate had no significant effect on motor coordination. However, the results from the chimney test indicated that pregabalin, administered alone at its ED50 dose from the MES-test, significantly impaired motor performance. Similar adverse effects were observed when mexiletine was co-administered with pregabalin at the fixed-dose ratio combinations of 1:1 and 1:3. However, reduction of pregabalin dose at the fixed ratio of 3:1 seems to prevent significant motor impairment. The results may indicate that mexiletine can be considered as an adjunctive drug in antiepileptic treatment, particularly in patients with concomitant cardiac arrhythmia.

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Anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Neuroprotective effects of amiodarone in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Interactions of Mexiletine with Novel Antiepileptic Drugs in the Maximal Electroshock Test in Mice: An Isobolographic Analysis

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