Antidepressant Role in Modulating Neurotransmitter Imbalance to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

The present article delves into the complex correlation among neurotransmitter dysregulation, antidepressant therapy, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Progressive cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms are the outcome of AD, the predominant type of dementia, which is characterized by pathological manifestations of β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Amyloid plaque formation, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and other pathophysiological processes are all aided by dysfunctional neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, histamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin. On the other hand, medications that treat depression and AD patients turn out to be very important. These include selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antidepressants. Depression and neurologic disorders are correlated in both directions, supporting this treatment approach. The effects of antidepressants include reducing the production of amyloid plaque, improving cognitive function, stimulating neurogenesis, and increasing the levels of monoamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in synapses.