Antidote availability in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lack of availability of antidotes in emergency services is a worldwide concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability of antidotes used for treating poisoning in Campinas (SP). DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of emergency services in Campinas, conducted in 2010-2012. METHODS:The availability, amount in stock, place of storage and access time for 26 antidotal treatments was investigated. In the hospitals, the availability of at least one complete treatment for a 70 kg adult over the first 24 hours of admission was evaluated based on stock and access recommendations contained in two international guidelines. RESULTS: 14 out of 17 functioning emergency services participated in the study, comprising pre-hospital services such as the public emergency ambulance service (SAMU; n = 1) and public emergency rooms for admissions lasting ≤ 24 hours (UPAs; n = 3), and 10 hospitals with emergency services. Six antidotes (atropine, sodium bicarbonate, diazepam, phytomenadione, flumazenil and calcium gluconate) were stocked in all the services, followed by 13 units that also stocked activated charcoal, naloxone and diphenhydramine or biperiden. No service stocked all of the recommended antidotes; only the regional Poison Control Center had stocks close to recommended (22/26 antidotal treatments). The 10 hospitals had almost half of the antidotes for starting treatments, but only one quarter of the antidotes was present with stocks sufficient for providing treatment for 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The stock of antidotes for attending poisoning emergencies in the municipality of Campinas is incomplete and needs to be improved. RESUMO