Antifungal Activity in Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol Leaves and Seeds

Abstract

Bioactive compounds from vegetal sources are a potential source of natural antifungic. An ethanol extraction was used to obtain bioactive compounds from Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol leaves and seeds of discarded ripe and unripe fruit. Both, extraction time and the papaya tissue flour:organic solvent ratio significantly affected yield, with the longest time and highest flour:solvent ratio producing the highest yield. The effect of time on extraction efficiency was confirmed by qualitative identification of the compounds present in the lowest and highest yield extracts. Analysis of the leaf extract with phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes. Antifungal effectiveness was determined by challenging the extracts (LE, SRE, SUE) from the best extraction treatment against three phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The leaf extract exhibited the broadest action spectrum. The MIC(50) for the leaf extract was 0.625 mg ml(-1) for Fusarium spp. and >10 mg ml(-1) for C. gloeosporioides, both equal to approximately 20% mycelial growth inhibition. Ethanolic extracts from Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol leaves are a potential source of secondary metabolites with antifungal properties.

Extraction and Quantification of Carpaine from Carica papaya Leaves of Vietnam

“…Crystallized CP2 with CH2Cl2/n-hexane (rate 3:1), we obtain purified compound CP-pur. Evaporated the solvent using Rotavapor Buchi R-114 at 45-50 o C. Used MS and NMR method ( 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, COSY, DEPT) to determine the mass and the structure of CP-pur.…”

“…Fig. 3: 1 H-NMR spectra of CP-pur 13 C-NMR spectre (Fig.4) showed resonant signals of 14 carbons with 1 carbon of 4th grade at δc 174.8 ppm of ester group; 3 carbons of 3rd grade at δc 55.0, 57.6 and 70.9 ppm; 9 carbons of 2nd grade and 1 group of methyl at δc 17.4 ppm. Based on the data of MS and NMR spectra, and compared with reference (Tasqiah Julianti, 2014;Taro Sato et al, 2003), we determined that CP-pur was an alkaloid with symmetric structure and it was carpaine.…”

“…Carpaine was isolated from papaya leaves in 1962 (Tichý M. et al, 1962). Carpaine also was separated from the leaf, fruit and root of papaya (Singh I.D, 1978;Pedro Chávez -Quintal et al, 2011 The results of HPLC loading were following as in Table 3. Followed the results in Table 3 to establish standard curve as in Fig.6.…”

Modification of pathogenic microbiota and histology of gastrointestinal tract of Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) by Carica papaya seed meal

“…Extracts of the leaf, seed, stem bark and fruit peels of C. papaya have been reported as possessing antimicrobial, antifungal and hepatoprotective potencies. Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous seed extracts of C. papaya exhibited antifungal (Chávez-Quintal et al, 2011;Singh and Ali, 2011) and antimicrobial activities (Dawkins et al, 2003;Akujobi et al, 2010;Eke et al, 2014;Peters, 2014). Chávez-Quintal et al (2011) Possibly, the low concentrations of alkaloids contributed to the reduced efficacy of ethanolic extract of ripe C. papaya seed as antimicrobial against gastrointestinal microbiota of A. marginata.…”

“…In recent times attention has been drawn to ripe and unripe C. papaya seed as being medicinal. Recently, reports of their antimicrobial and antifungal properties against common human microbes and plant fungi were made (Dawkins et al, 2003;Akujobi et al, 2010;Chávez-Quintal et al, 2011;Singh and Ali, 2011;Eke et al, 2014;Peters, 2014). In an entirely different contest, deleterious effects of extracts of seed of C. papaya from ripe and unripe fruits were made.…”