Antigen-specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer

Abstract

Background Despite advances in chemotherapy, prognosis of ovarian cancer remains poor. Antigen-specific active immunotherapy aims to induce tumour-antigen-specific anti-tumour immune responses as an alternative treatment for ovarian cancer. Objectives To assess the feasibility of antigen-specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. Primary outcomes are clinical efficacy and antigenspecific immunogenicity with carrier-specific immunogenicity and side effects as secondary outcomes. Search methods For the previous version of this review, a systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) 2009, Issue 3, Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Specialized Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and clinicaltrials.gov was performed (1966 to July 2009). We conducted handsearches of the proceedings of relevant annual meetings (1996 to July 2009). For this update of the review the searches were extended to October 2013. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as well as non-randomised non-controlled studies that included participants with epithelial ovarian cancer, irrespective of stage of disease, and treated with antigen-specific active immunotherapy, irrespective of type of vaccine, antigen used, adjuvant used, route of vaccination, schedule, and reported clinical or immunological outcomes. Data collection and analysis Two reviews authors independently performed the data extraction. Risk of bias was evaluated for RCTs according to standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collabororation or for non-RCTs using a selection of quality domains deemed best applicable to the non-randomised non-controlled studies.

The anti-tumor efficacy of 3C23K, a glyco-engineered humanized anti-MISRII antibody, in an ovarian cancer model is mainly mediated by engagement of immune effector cells

“…Thus, to improve the clinical prognosis, new OC therapies are crucially needed. Various targeted strategies have been evaluated for OC management [ 1 , 4 , 5 ] and many molecules are under investigation, among which agents to block growth factor receptors, such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), anti-angiogenetic molecules and DNA repair inhibitors, such as Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such olaparib (for review see [ 5 ]). However, these molecules only provide short-term survival improvement [ 6 ] and more effective treatments to address chemo-resistant recurrent OC are not available yet.…”

“…Finally, OC heterogeneity also complicates the targeted treatment strategies. The molecules evaluated in clinical trials do not seem to be clinically effective and with low toxicity in OCs [ 4 ]. Recently, in phase 2 trials, eight targeted drugs (gefitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, temsirolimus, mifepristone, enzastaurine, lapatinib and vorinostat) have produced objective response rates of less than 10% and stabilized the disease for six months in less than 25% of patients [ 11 ].…”

Leveraging immunotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancers in the era of precision medicine

“…Several different vaccination approaches have been explored in ovarian cancer [40–44]. Those include simple vaccine preparations consisting of specific peptides and proteins, as well as more complex strategies, such as engineered cellular vaccines, DC vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and oncolytic viruses [45–54].…”