Antigen transfer and its effect on vaccine-induced immune amplification and tolerance

Abstract

Antigen transfer refers to the process of intercellular information exchange, where antigenic components including nucleic acids, antigen proteins/peptides and peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (p-MHCs) are transmitted from donor cells to recipient cells at the thymus, secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), intestine, allergic sites, allografts, pathological lesions and vaccine injection sites via trogocytosis, gap junctions, tunnel nanotubes (TNTs), or extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the context of vaccine inoculation, antigen transfer is manipulated by the vaccine type and administration route, which consequently influences, even alters the immunological outcome, i.e., immune amplification and tolerance. Mainly focused on dendritic cells (DCs)-based antigen receptors, this review systematically introduces the biological process, molecular basis and clinical manifestation of antigen transfer.

A nanoemulsion targeting adipose hypertrophy and hyperplasia shows anti-obesity efficiency in female mice

“…In line with previous literatures, all these findings further corroborated that lipid droplets were highly dynamic and could enlarge based on intercommunication among adipocytes 38,39 . Notably, though the mechanisms of adipocyte interaction remain enigmatic, the communication between cells with active membrane processes involves complex mediation through contact-dependent pathways (e.g., tunneling nanotubes and gap junctions) as well as contact-independent ways (e.g., extracellular vesicles) [40][41][42][43] . Therefore, we next attempted to explore lipid droplets transfer modes among adipocytes and hypothesized that such transfer could occur via contact-based ways or noncontact-based ways (Fig.…”

The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases

“…Depending on the antigens contained in vaccines, they can be recognized directly by B cells to activate humoral responses or presented to T cells in immune organs by antigenic macrophages or DCs. 64 Induced tolerogenic DCs can provide non-specific immunosuppression, so loading disease-specific autoantigens on DCs can produce tolerogenic DCs that are specific to specific autoimmune diseases.…”

Механизмы Межклеточных Взаимодействий В Слизистой Оболочке Репродуктивного Тракта Женщин В Возрастном Аспекте

“…Реальное представление о типе опухоли и ее цитоморфологии имеет решающее значение для раннего выявления [86,193,227]. Идентификация железистых клеток с равномерным увеличением ядер в сочетании с любыми другими цитологическими признаками может помочь избежать ложноотрицательных результатов и могут служить удобным информативным эталоном в диагностике и прогнозировании течения постменопаузального периода [84,119,237].…”