Antimicrobial Activity and Antiadherent Effect of Peruvian Psidium guajava (Guava) Leaves on a Cariogenic Biofilm Model

Gómez, Pablo Alejandro Millones; Maúrtua-Torres, Dora Jesús; Bacilio-Amaranto, Reyma Evelyn; Calla-Poma, Roger Damaso; Mendizábal, Margarita; Valderrama-Negron, Ana C; Calderon-Miranda, Marco A; Calla-Poma, Rubén A; Leuyacc, María E Huauya

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2893

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The chemical composition of P. guajava includes tannins such as guavins A-D and flavonoids [ 7 , 8 ], and its extracts have already been widely reported to have antimicrobial potential. Many studies have described the antimicrobial activity of different extracts from the leaves of P. guajava , such as methanolic [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], ethanolic [ 9 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and aqueous [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], including the activity of methanolic extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains [ 18 ]. The antimicrobial activity of the root [ 12 ] and fruit extracts [ 24 ] of P. guajava has also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Aqueous Extract against Sensitive and Resistant Bacterial Strains

et al. 2023

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The inappropriate use of antimicrobials, along with environmental conditions, can lead to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The use of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal medicines has a positive impact and represents a promising alternative. Psidium guajava extracts have been widely reported to have antimicrobial potential; however, studies reporting their activity against resistant bacterial strains are scarce. Because of the emerging resistance, the aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial capacity of the aqueous extract of guava leaves against wild-type and resistant bacterial strains. The aqueous extract obtained from the leaves of P. guajava was evaluated by HPLC for the content of total phenolics and tannins, antioxidant activity, and chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was analyzed by the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The results of the chemical analysis of the extracts showed total phenolics content of 17.02 ± 6.87 mg/g of dry extract, total tannin content of 14.09 ± 1.20 mg of tannic acid equivalents/g of dry extract, and moderate antioxidant capacity with an EC50 value of 140 µg/mL. Flavonoids are the major compounds (rutin, hesperidin, and quercetin), followed by phenolic acids. Disk diffusion test results showed the presence of inhibition halos for Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, sensitive and resistant; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, sensitive and resistant; and Streptococcus spp., beta-hemolytic), while for Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, sensitive and resistant), there was no inhibition in the tested concentration range. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was 6.8 mg/mL for all Gram-positive strains evaluated. The present study demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract of P. guajava against sensitive and resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The better antimicrobial activity found in the present study compared with previously reported activity should be highlighted and may be related to the higher concentration of total phenolics present in the tested extract. Moreover, the content of tannins found suggests a species with high quality that produces tannins. These new findings suggest an innovative profile regarding therapeutic resources that can be adopted to combat resistant microbial strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Aqueous Extract against Sensitive and Resistant Bacterial Strains

et al. 2023

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“…Petri dishes containing TSA supplemented with 5% sheep blood, hemin (5 mg/L), and menadione (1 mg/L) were prepared for F. nucleatum (ATCC ® 10953™). The dishes were monitored for 24 hours to confirm their sterility ( Millones-Gómez et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 0.12% chlorhexidine solution was used as a positive control, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Milli-Q water (1:1) were used as negative controls. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out by means of inhibition zones in millimeters using a Truper calibrator ( Millones-Gómez et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorhexidine at 0.12% was the positive control, and diluted DMSO solution with Milli-Q water (1:1) was the negative control. The entire procedure was repeated four times for each propolis sample with the largest inhibition zones ( Millones-Gómez et al ., 2020 ). The minimum inhibitory concentration of propolis was deemed to be the concentration in the well where no development was observed (turbidity) using a spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro oral biofilm

et al. 2021

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Background: Natural products with antibacterial potential have begun to be tested on biofilm models, bringing us closer to understanding the response generated by the complex microbial ecosystems of the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro biofilm of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: The experimental work involved a consecutive, in vitro, longitudinal, and double-blinded study design. Propolis samples were collected from 13 different regions of the Peruvian Andes. The disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The cytotoxic effect of propolis on human gingival fibroblasts was determined by cell viability method using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effect of propolis on the biofilm was evaluated by confocal microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The 0.78 mg/mL and 1.563 mg/mL concentrations of the methanolic fraction of the chloroform residue of Oxapampa propolis showed effects on biofilm thickness and the copy numbers of the srtA gene of S. gordonii and the radD gene of F. nucleatum at 48 and 120 hours, and chromatography (UV, λ 280 nm) identified rhamnocitrin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, kaempferol, diosmetin, acacetin, glycerol, and chrysoeriol. Conclusions: Of the 13 propolis evaluated, it was found that only the methanolic fraction of Oxapampa propolis showed antibacterial and antibiofilm effects without causing damage to human gingival fibroblasts. Likewise, when evaluating the chemical composition of this fraction, eight flavonoids were identified.

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“…To evaluate antibacterial effects, plates containing brain heart infusion (BHI) agar for S. gordonii, BHI supplemented with 5% sheep blood plus menadione and vitamin K for F. nucleatum, and BHI agar supplemented with horse blood plus menadione and vitamin K for P. gingivalis were monitored for 24 hours to confirm sterility [10,11].…”

Section: Antibacterial Susceptibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

Millones-Gómez,

Novoa-Herrera,

Maurtua-Torres

et al. 2023

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Antiadherent Effect of Peruvian Psidium guajava (Guava) Leaves on a Cariogenic Biofilm Model

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Aqueous Extract against Sensitive and Resistant Bacterial Strains

Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Aqueous Extract against Sensitive and Resistant Bacterial Strains

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro oral biofilm

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

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