Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Extracts of Propolis Prepared with Different Solvents

Tosi, B.; Donini, A.; Romagnoli, Carlo; Bruni, A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199606)10:4<335::aid-ptr828>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 90 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…1 Traditionally, the fraction soluble in 70% ethanol was extracted and referred to as propolis balsam. 3 In order to avoid the characteristic ethanolic smell and solubility problems of this product, propolis extracts using water 4 or other solvents such as glycerol, edible oils and propylene glycol 5 are presently found on the market. There is no standard either for extractive procedure or composition of products that contain propolis extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…References have been found to extractive procedures using temperatures ranging from room temperature to 70 °C, ethanolic concentrations between 60% and absolute ethanol and extractions lasting from 30 minutes to 10 days. 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12] The purpose of this paper was to observe in which way several factors, which are commonly varied during commercial and research extractive procedures, affect the yield and phenolic composition of the propolis extracts. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of selected extracts was performed, but cannot be expected to be used as a routine analytical procedure by beekeepers for reasons of cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts

Cunha¹,

Sawaya²,

Caetano³

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

154

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Durante a extração de própolis foram variados alguns fatores para determinar como eles afetam o rendimento e o teor de fenóis totais. Seis amostras diferentes da região sudeste do Brasil foram testadas. Os resultados indicam que os maiores rendimentos de extratos de própolis obtidos por maceração, que também apresentam o maior número de componentes, foram aqueles usando 70% (v/v) ou maior proporção de etanol no solvente. A extração em Soxhlet resultou em um maior rendimento. Não foram observadas diferenças entre extratos de macerações com ou sem luz. Um aumento no rendimento da extração foi observado entre os extratos obtidos por maceração durante 10 e 30 dias, porém o teor de fenóis não variou significativamente nesses extratos. O teor de fenóis totais de todos os extratos variou entre 6,41 e 15,24% mas nenhuma correlação direta foi encontrada com qualquer um dos fatores testados.During the extraction of propolis several factors were varied in order to determine how they affected the yield and phenolic composition of the obtained extracts. Six samples of green propolis from the Southeastern region of Brazil were tested. The results indicate that the highest yield of propolis extracts obtained by maceration, which also had the greatest number of components, were those using 70% (v/v) ethanol or more as a solvent. The Soxhlet extraction procedure resulted in even higher yields. No differences were observed between extracts macerated in the presence or absence of light. An increase in yield was observed between extracts macerated for 10 and 30 days although the phenolic content did not vary significantly. The total phenolic content of all extracts varied from 6.41 to 15.24 % but no direct correlation could be found between any of the factors tested. Keywords: propolis, extraction techniques, high performance liquid chromatography IntroductionPropolis, a resinous substance collected by bees from plants around the hive, is masticated by the bees, salivary enzymes and beeswax added, then applied to the combs and walls of the hive, 1 thereby insulating and reinforcing the hives as well as making the environment aseptic. For beekeepers, propolis is a by-product obtained by scraping the walls of the hives. Crude propolis is composed basically of 55% vegetable resins and balsam, 30% bee wax, 10% essential oil and 5% pollen. 2 Due to its antibiotic and anti-fungal activity, propolis has been used in folk medicine for many centuries 3 and is presently used in health food and various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products such as mouthwash preparations, face creams, lotions and tablets. 1 Traditionally, the fraction soluble in 70% ethanol was extracted and referred to as propolis balsam. 3 In order to avoid the characteristic ethanolic smell and solubility problems of this product, propolis extracts using water 4 or other solvents such as glycerol, edible oils and propylene glycol 5 are presently found on the market. There is no standard either for extractive procedure or composition of products that contain propolis extracts...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts

Cunha¹,

Sawaya²,

Caetano³

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, the composition of propolis is influenced by the flora surrounding the apiary (Chaillou and Nazareno, 2009;Agüero et al, 2010), the geographical features and local climatic (Seidel et al, 2008) and seasonal effects (Valencia et al, 2012). The exogenous factors are related to the extraction by the beekeeper and include the harvest season (Simões-Ambrosio et al, 2010), the method used (Sales et al, 2006), the type of extractant (Tosi et al, 1996;Longhini et al, 2007) and the extractant concentration (Dos Santos et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro antifungal evaluation of a commercial extract of Chilean propolis against six fungi of agricultural importance

et al. 2012

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Propolis has been used for millennia for its antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties, whereas its use as an agricultural antifungal agent has only recently been assessed. The chemical characteristics of six ethanolic extracts of Chilean propolis (EEP-1 to EEP-6) were evaluated. The total polyphenols ranged between 7.8 and 42.3 mg mL -1 equivalents of a 2:1 pinocembrin: galangin standard, and the total flavonoid contents ranged between 4.0 and 19.7 mg mL -1 equivalents of quercetin. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis allowed the identification of caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, pinocembrin, galangin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and rutin. The EEP-3 extract was selected for additional studies based on the higher total polyphenols and flavonoids contents (42.3 and 19.7 mg mL -1 , respectively). The antifungal effects of four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 %) of EEP-3 on Alternaria alternata, Fusarium sp., Ulocladium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Trichoderma reesei were evaluated in vitro using the agar dilution method. Although significant differences occurred among the extract concentrations, the results indicated that EEP-3 inhibited the mycelial growth of the six fungi evaluated.

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“…Os componentes químicos farmacologicamente ativos são os fl avonóides, os ácidos fenólicos e seus ésteres , Khayyal et al, 1993 que possuem efeitos sobre bactérias (Koo et al, 2000), vírus (Vynograd et al, 2000), fungos (Tosi et al, 1996), ações antiinfl amatórias (Rossi et al, 2002) e imunomoduladoras (Dimov et al, 1992) além de exercer possíveis efeitos sobre a redução da pressão arterial (Ricchuto, 1994) e dos níveis de colesterol (Claus et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação da segurança clínica de um fitoterápico contendo Mikania glomerata, Grindelia robusta, Copaifera officinalis, Myroxylon toluifera, Nasturtium officinale, própolis e mel em voluntários saudáveis

Soares¹,

Carmo²,

Quental³

et al. 2006

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Avaliação da segurança clínica de um fi toterápico contendo Mikania glomerata, Grindelia robusta, Copaifera offi cinalis, Myroxylon toluifera, Nasturtium offi cinale, própolis e mel em voluntários saudáveis ABSTRACT: "Clinical safety evaluation of a phytomedicine containing Mikania glomerata, Grindelia robusta, Copaifera offi cinalis, Myroxylon toluifera, Nasturtium offi cinale, honey and propolis in healthy volunteers". Calmatoss® is a phytomedicine used in several respiratory tract pathologies treatment composed of seven medicinal plants such as Mikania glomerata, Grindelia robusta, Copaifera offi cinalis, Myroxylon toluifera, Nasturtium offi cinale, as well as honey and propolis. The present study investigated the chronic administration of 15 mL Calmatoss® syroup four times a day during 21 days for any toxic effect on healthy volunteers. The clinical trial consisted of an open study with 24 volunteers included in the study only when considered healthy after clinical evaluation, physical examination and laboratory tests, which preceded the study. The laboratory tests included: heamatologic, biochemical and sorologic analysis. This evaluation was repeated after the fi rst, second and third week of treatment and at post-study seven days after the last administration. Calmatoss® was well tolerated by the volunteers. Variations in the laboratory were observed and all of these laboratory changes returned to normal levels during or after the study. Cañigueral; Vila, 1998, Mills;Bone, 2000). De acordo com Alonso (1998) o Bálsamo de Tolú, Myroxylon toluifera ou Toluifera balsamum é originário da América do Sul (Venezuela, Colômbia e Peru). A oleoresina extraída do tronco mediante cortes em "V" é rica em substâncias com propriedades antisépticas expectorantes (Boyd, 1954, Melo;Melo 2005), espasmolíticas, cicatrizantes e antiparasitárias (Alonso, 1998). É empregado topicamente no tratamento de sarnas, feridas e úlceras dérmicas (Cañigueral;Vila, 1998) Albumina (g/dL) 4,09 ± 0,2 4,09 ± 0,2 4,3 ± 0,2 4,3 ± 0,2 ALT (U/L) 22,4 ± 13,5 18,5 ± 10,7 20,9 ± 11,4 18,6 ± 13,2 AST (U/L) 23,67 ± 8,63 20,8 ± 5,4 22,3 ± 6,5 17,4 ± 4,5 Bilirrubina (mg/dL) 0 15,6 ± 20,7 Glicemia (mg/dL) 82,9 ± 8,5 82,3 ± 10,8 84,9 ± 6,2 87,3 ± 8,1 Hematócrito (%) 40,61 ± 3,1 40,22 ± 2,9 42,83 ± 2,9 42,6 ± 3,9 Hemoglobina (g/dL)13,8 ± 1,3 13,4 ± 1,2 14,7 ± 1,0 14,3 ± 1,1 Leucócitos (cels/mm 3 ) 7,1 ± 1,3 7,2 ± 0,8 6,5 ± 1,5 6,2 ± 1,4 Plaquetas (cels/mm 3 ) 272,3 ± 6,0 299,6 ± 55,5 242,7 ± 28,7 237,4 ± 32,6 Potássio (Mmol/L) 4,1 ± 0,3 4,2 ± 0,2 4,3 ± 0,4 4,2 ± 0,2 Proteína total 7,4 ± 0,4 7,3 ± 0,3 7,4 ± 0,3 7,2 ± 0,3 Sódio (Mmol/L) 138,8 ± 2,6 138,8 ± 1,0 140,4 ± 1,9 138,8 ± 3,2 TP 1,1 ± 0,1 1,2 ± 0,1 1,2 ± 0,1 1,1 ± 0,1 TPTA (%) 1,0 ± 0,1 1,0 ± 0,1 1,0 ± 0,1 1,0

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Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Extracts of Propolis Prepared with Different Solvents

Cited by 90 publications

References 4 publications

Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts

Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts

The in vitro antifungal evaluation of a commercial extract of Chilean propolis against six fungi of agricultural importance

Avaliação da segurança clínica de um fitoterápico contendo Mikania glomerata, Grindelia robusta, Copaifera officinalis, Myroxylon toluifera, Nasturtium officinale, própolis e mel em voluntários saudáveis

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