Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

Abstract

Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated and purified an actinomycete WA 4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found it was completely homologous to the strain of Gordonia terrae from the Indian desert. Meanwhile, actinomycin D (1), actinomycin X2 (2), mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract from the broth of WA 4-31. Compounds 1–4 showed anti-fungus activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, also anti-MRSA and inhibited Escherichia coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found when 3 was mixed with 4 with ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activities on CNE-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

Integrated Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis Illuminates Key Secreted Metabolites Produced by the Novel Endophyte Bacillus halotolerans Cal.l.30 Involved in Diverse Biological Control Activities

“…A few studies have aimed to explore the ecological role of the biosyn-thetic products of mojavensin A and FAS-PKS BGCs [51,76]. Purified mojavensin A from B. mojavensis B0621A displayed moderate antagonism and dose-dependent activity against F. oxysporum [76], while mojavensin A produced by the actinomycete Gordonia strain WA 4-31 showed adequate antimicrobial activity against both Aspergillus nidulans and Escherichia coli [77]. Interestingly, mojavensin A and a cyclic (leucine-leucine) dipeptide had a synergistic effect and showed enhanced antimicrobial activity [77].…”

“…Purified mojavensin A from B. mojavensis B0621A displayed moderate antagonism and dose-dependent activity against F. oxysporum [76], while mojavensin A produced by the actinomycete Gordonia strain WA 4-31 showed adequate antimicrobial activity against both Aspergillus nidulans and Escherichia coli [77]. Interestingly, mojavensin A and a cyclic (leucine-leucine) dipeptide had a synergistic effect and showed enhanced antimicrobial activity [77]. On the other hand, the novel cluster (a FAS-PKS biosynthetic gene cluster) found in SQR9 appeared to be involved in the biosynthesis of the novel long-chain fatty acid(s) (C 15 H 30 O 3 and/or C 17 H 34 O 3 ) such as bacillunoic acid(s), presenting an adequate antifungal and antibacterial activity [51].…”

Antimicrobial potentials of natural products against multidrug resistance pathogens: a comprehensive review

“…188 Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2, isolated from endophytic Gordonia in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana , have anti-MRSA (ATCC 43300), with MIC 0.25 μg mL −1 . 189 4-Methoxy-2 H -pyran-2-one 351 , 4-methoxy-6-pentyl-2 H -pyran-2-one 352 , 6-(1-hydroxypentyl)-4-methoxy-pyran-2-one 353 , 6-[8-propyloxiran-1-yl]-4-methoxypyran-2-one 354 , pestalotin 355 , 5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-(pentanoyloxy)-2 H -pyran-2-one 356 , and cyclo-( l -Pro- l -Val) 357 , isolated from Chrysosporium multifidum fungus isolated from Hermetia illucens gut, showed moderate anti-MRSA, where compound 354 showed the greatest activity (IC 50 = 11.4 ± 0.7 μg mL −1 and MIC 62.5 μg mL −1 ) against MRSA. 190…”

“…188 Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2, isolated from endophytic Gordonia in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, have anti-MRSA (ATCC 43300), with MIC 0.25 mg mL −1 . 189 A number of peptides were also reported to eradicate resistant bacterial strains. For instance, a small, <500 Da factor, isolated from the blowy, Lucilia sericata, or Maggot, showed potent, thermally stable, protease resistant antibacterial activity against MRSA.…”

Specialized Metabolism of Gordonia Genus: An Integrated Survey on Chemodiversity Combined with a Comparative Genomics-Based Analysis

“…In most of the included studies (62.5%), at least one compound was isolated. In fact, in the studies of Schneider et al [ 51 ], Ma et al [ 56 ], Takaichi et al [ 53 ], and Lin et al [ 54 ], 3, 4, 7, and 12 metabolites were reported, respectively. The characteristics of the metabolites retrieved from the studies included in this review are presented in the following section.…”