Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

The development of antimicrobial drugs, and particularly of antibiotics, has played a considerable role in substantially reducing the morbidity and mortality rates ofmany infectious diseases. However, thefact that bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics has produced a situation where antimicrobial agents are losing their effectiveness because of the spread and persistence of drug-resistant organisms. To combat this, more and more antibiotics with increased therapeutic and prophylactic action will need to be developed.This article is concerned with antibiotic resistance in bacteria which are pathogenic to man and animals. The historical background is given, as well as some information on the present situation and trends of antibiotic resistance to certain bacteria in different parts of the world. Considerable concern is raised over the use of antibiotics in man and animals. It is stated that antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is widely attributed to the "misuse" of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis in man and to the administration of antibiotics to animals for a variety of purposes (growth promotion, prophylaxis, or therapy), leading to the accumulation of resistant bacteria in their flora. Factors favouring the development of resistance are discussed.

Powder Fixed Combination With Antiseptic and Barrier Properties for Wound Management: Safety and Efficacy Aspects

“…Extensive studies of all abovementioned compounds for wound healing have been conducted by Pavia Farmaceutici [17].…”

“…Examples of different types of kaolin application are given, starting from the cosmetic industry, where natural clays have been used since ancient times as adsorbent and protective coatings, and up to the developments of recent yearsthe use of active pharmaceutical ingredients as a carrier. In clinical a trial was noted the effectiveness of kaolin in the formation of a protective barrier on skin lesions when using the medical device "Argostop," which is a spray of kaolin and silver [17].…”

“…Also in clinical trial was noted the effectiveness of the use of sodium hyaluronate in "DM" sprays for skin lesions [17]. Hyaluronic acid as a polymer of natural origin is able to coordinate a large number of water molecules around its structure and provide the skin with long-term hydration.…”

“…Given its polymeric nature, hyaluronic acid is able to create threedimensional structures with film properties. Efficacy of the use of hyaluronic acid in surface coatings for the treatment of skin lesions has been reported [17]. The improvement of diabetic wound healing processes (including epithelial migration and differentiation) treated with hyaluronic acid is highlighted [17].…”

“…In general overview of scientific and clinical results on the use of cationic surfactants in clinical settings for the treatment of wounds due to their antiseptic properties different mechanisms of action of various chemical species were identified [17]. Were established and explained different mechanisms of action of silver and its compounds and their toxicological profile depending on the method of application.…”