Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogen Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract

Abstract-Aims:Because of uncontrolled and widespread use of antibiotics, the resistance pattern of uropathogens is changing drastically, specifically in developing countries, such as Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to identify the common Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causing pathogens in the city of Jessore, Bangladesh and to check the performance of available antibiotics used by those patients. Study Design: Random 100 UTI patients who exhibited general UTI symptoms were included in our cross-sectional study. A medical proforma was prepared to input the information associated with the experiment including symptoms of patient's age, sex, laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Science and Technology, Jessore 7408 and Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh, between June 2013 and July 2014.Methodology:Urine samples from 100 suspicious urinary tract infected patients were collected as described by Thomson and Miller. Bacterial isolates were tested to identify the bacterial species and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique against some common antibiotics. Epidata® computer program 3.1 and SPSS version 16 statistical software used for confidence interval (CI) and P value, which were defined as P value is <0.05 and CI was set at 95% level of significance for all the proportions.Results: Among 100 samples, 74 samples showed positive for cultures adversely responsible for UTIs. About five different species of uropathogenswere identified from 74 cases. Comparative prevalence ofE. coli was detected in 69 of the 100 samples (69%), while Staphylococcus spp was found in 18 samples (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8 samples (8%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6 samples (6%), respectively. Comparative antibiotic resistance profile showed that most of the strains were highly resistant to Amoxicillin (85.14%) and Cotrimoxazole (81.08%). On the contrary, the strains showed significant sensitivity to Amikacin (94.59%), Azithromycin (93.24%), Doxycycline (90.54%), and Ceftriaxone (89.18%), respectively showed significant sensitivity. Conclusion: Our results could be helpful to compel rational antibiotic use for UTI. High resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxaxole, has been observed in a significant number of patients in the developing world, such as Bangladesh. Our studies may provoke further investigations into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of particular microbes.

Microbiome patterns reveal the transmission of pathogenic bacteria in hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) marketed for human consumption in Bangladesh

“…The drug sensitivity for other clinical bacteria, such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa , also showed a similar upward‐trending graph similar to that obtained from recently isolated clinical samples in Bangladesh (Saha et al . ). Therefore, aquatic pollution from household, agricultural, industrial and hospital discharges could be potential sources of contamination by these bacteria.…”

UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies

“…Carbapenems like imipenem represent the best option for the treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains (Idil et al, 2016 ). UPEC strains are also susceptible to ciprofloxacin (Tosun et al, 2016 ), cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam (Dizbay et al, 2016 ), azithromycin, doxycycline and ceftriaxone (Saha et al, 2015 ). However, several UPEC isolates are resistant to ampicillin, oral first-generation cephalosporins, TMP-sulfamethoxazole (Moya-Dionisio et al, 2016 ), cefuroxime (Chang et al, 2016 ), cotrimoxazole (Saha et al, 2015 ), amoxicillin-clavulanate, nalidixic acid, cefradine, and aminopenicillins (Narchi and Al-Hamdani, 2010 ).…”

Antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh: A systematic review

“…Community-acquired 5 (10.9) (Akter et al, 2014;Arifeen et al, 2009;Brooks et al, 2005;Mahbubur et al, 2007; (Aftab et al, 2016;Chiou et al, 2014;Hasan et al, 2016;Islam and Shamsuzzaman, 2015;Nahar et al, 2004;Rahman et al, 2014;Suchi et al, 2017) E-test 5 (10.9) (Arifeen et al, 2009;Begum et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2013;Mahbubur et al, 2007;Saha et al, 2009) Did not mention 5 (10.9) (Ahmed et al, 2018;Akram et al, 2014;Islam et al, 2014;Nazme et al, 2017;Shill et al, (Akter et al, 2016;Chowdhury and Parial, 2015;Haque et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2013;Nazme et al, 2017;Rahman et al, 2014;Saha et al, 2015;Shill et al, 2010;Suchi et al, 2017;Yasmeen et al, 2015) Bloodstream infection 7 (15.2) (Afroz et al, 2014;Ahmed et al, 2017Ahmed et al, , 2018Ahsan et al, 2016;Brooks et al, 2005;Khanam et al, 2015;Monjur et al, 2010) Gastroenteritis 8 (17.4) (Ahmed et al, 2011(Ahmed et al, , 2014Akter et al, 2017;Begum et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2004;…”