Antimicrobial resistance, integron carriage, and gyrA and gyrB mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis externa and pyoderma in Brazil

Abstract

Enrofloxacin and ticarcilin resistance was widespread in P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs in Brazil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying integrons may present a significant challenge for treatment.

Bacteria from Animals as a Pool of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

“…Similar results were found in a study with canine isolates recovered between 2003 and 2006, although an increase in quinolone resistance was seen [174]. Resistance rates to the former antimicrobials are also similar in current studies among companion animals, although higher resistance rates against the aminoglycoside gentamicin [177] and the quinolone enrofloxacin [176] have been found. In P. aeruginosa from companion animals, the resistance to quinolones has been related to point mutations in gyrA , gyrB , parC and/or parE genes [172,176], and the resistance to aminoglycoside has been associated to diverse resistance genes (such as aacA4 and aadA6 ) [172,176].…”

“…Resistance rates to the former antimicrobials are also similar in current studies among companion animals, although higher resistance rates against the aminoglycoside gentamicin [177] and the quinolone enrofloxacin [176] have been found. In P. aeruginosa from companion animals, the resistance to quinolones has been related to point mutations in gyrA , gyrB , parC and/or parE genes [172,176], and the resistance to aminoglycoside has been associated to diverse resistance genes (such as aacA4 and aadA6 ) [172,176]. Resistance rates are generally lower in P. aeruginosa from livestock comparing to strains from companion animals [174,175].…”

“…The presence of ESBLs (via phenotypic methods) has been confirmed in P. aeruginosa isolates from animals [176,178]. Moreover, some reports have underlined the emergence of P. aeruginosa isolates with carbapenemases in animals (Table 6).…”

“…In humans, it is a cause of community and nosocomial infections, especially in patients immunocompromised and/or with cystic fibrosis. In animals, it caused pyoderma, otitis and urinary tract infections in companion animals, mastitis in dairy cows, endometritis in horses and hemorrhagic pneumoniae in fur-bearing animals [172,173,174,175,176]. Due to the presence of several drug efflux systems and porins, as well as its cell wall with low permeability, P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials including benzylpenicillins, aminobenzylpenicillins, carboxypenicillins, first and second generation cephalosporins, chloramphenicol and tetracycline [172,173].…”

In vitroantimicrobial activity of narasin and monensin in combination with adjuvants against pathogens associated with canine otitis externa

“…These classes are reserved for serious or life‐threatening infection in human and veterinary medicine, and should be used sparingly. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the canine ear and skin infections has been reported to be resistant to enrofloxacin (≤72.2%), marbofloxacin (≤33.3%) and polymyxin B (7%) . MRSP strains isolated from otitis/pyoderma have demonstrated resistance to gentamicin (92.3%) with simultaneous resistance to four or more different antimicrobial classes, and multidrug resistance to at least one or more fluoroquinolones (52%)…”