Antimicrobial Resistance Is a Global Health Emergency

Toner, Eric; Adalja, Amesh A.; Grönvall, Gigi Kwik; Cicero, Anita; Inglesby, Thomas V.

doi:10.1089/hs.2014.0088

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge of the 21st century, and India contributes majorly to it [1,2]. India has a high burden of bacterial diseases, in addition to which, misguided overuse of antibiotics is also rampant [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India

Bardhan

Chakraborty

Bhattacharjee

2020

IJERPH

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Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a catastrophic increase in the levels of antibiotic resistance in India. Hospitals treat critical bacterial infections and thus can serve as reservoirs of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Hence, this study was conducted to gauge the prevalence patterns of MDR bacteria in hospital wastewater. Water samples collected from 11 hospitals and 4 environmental sources belonging to 5 most-densely populated districts of West Bengal, India were grown on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. A total of 84 (hospital-associated = 70, environmental water sources = 14) isolates were characterized. The predominant species found in water from hospital-associated areas (HAA) were Acinetobacter baumannii (22.9%), Escherichia coli (28.6 %), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7%). Greater than 75% of the HAA isolates were found to be mcr-1 gene negative and colistinresistant. Meropenem non-susceptibility was also high among the HAA isolates at 58.6%, with the presence of the carbapenemase gene and blaNDM in 67.1% of the non-susceptible isolates. Among the three predominant species, significantly higher numbers of E. coli isolates were found to be non-susceptible to meropenem ((80%), p-value = 0.00432) and amikacin (AK (90%), p-value = 0.00037). This study provides evidence for the presence of high numbers of colistin-resistant and carbapenem-hydrolyzing Proteobacteriain hospital wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India

Bardhan

Chakraborty

Bhattacharjee

2020

IJERPH

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“…Prevention have recognized antimicrobial resistance as an enormous ongoing threat to public health [5,6]. Runoff of antibiotics in hospital waste water [7] and intentional use in aquaculture [8], animal husbandry [9][10][11], and crop management [12] contribute to the rise and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.…”

Section: The World Health Organization and The United States Centers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sunlight on the efficacy of commercial antibiotics used in agriculture

Khan

Osborn

Eswara

2020

Preprint

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Antibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance to limit the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in not only hospital settings, but also in animal husbandry, aquaculture, and agricultural sectors. Currently, large quantities of antibiotics are applied to treat agricultural diseases like citrus greening disease (CGD). The two commonly used antibiotics approved for this purpose are streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Although investigations are ongoing to understand how efficient this process is to control the spread of CGD, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as sunlight on the efficacy of the above-mentioned antibiotics. We conducted a simple disc-diffusion assay to study the efficacy of streptomycin and oxytetracycline after exposure to sunlight for 7- or 14-day periods using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the representative strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms respectively. Freshly prepared discs and discs stored in the dark for 7 or 14 days served as our controls. We show that the antibiotic potential of oxytetracycline exposed to sunlight dramatically decreases over the course of 14 days against both E. coli and B. subtilis. However, the effectiveness of streptomycin was only moderately impacted by sunlight. It is important to note that antibiotics that last longer in the environment may play a deleterious role in the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Further studies are needed to substantively analyze the safety and efficacy of antibiotics used for broader environmental applications.

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“…These bacteria are spread by direct contact with an infected person, by the use of a contaminated object or by inhalation of infected drops dispersed by sneezing or coughing. Skin infections are common, but bacteria can spread through the bloodstream and can infect distant organs [28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Tests On Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and antibacterial treatments based on natural compounds for lining leather and footwear articles

Berechet¹,

Constantinescu²,

Râpă³

et al. 2019

LFJ

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The purpose of this research is to obtain antifungal and antibacterial treatments based on natural compounds of essential oils of geranium, pine, and rosemary for cotton and leather linings to make leather, fur articles, and footwear. The main characteristic absorption bands for the functional groups of geranium, pine and rosemary essential oils were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyattenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Microbiological antifungal test was performed in the presence of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fungus and antibacterial activity was determined in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (Gram-positive bacteria), and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Gram-negative bacteria). The absorption method involved the inoculation of the bacteriological test inoculum directly on the treated samples. Microbiological tests have revealed a high antifungal and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Aetheroleum pini sylvestris, Aetheroleum geranii, Rosmarinus officinalis on cotton and leather linings and the possibility to be used in various compositions for the treatment of different lining materials for gloves, caps, shoes or other articles with essential bioactive properties for health and environmental protection. KEY WORDS: natural compounds, antifungal and antibacterial treatments, cotton cloth lining, leather lining, health and environmental protection TRATAMENTE ANTIFUNGICE ŞI ANTIBACTERIENE PE BAZĂ DE COMPUŞI NATURALI PENTRU CĂPTUŞELI ARTICOLE DIN PIELEŞI ÎNCĂLŢĂMINTE REZUMAT. Scopul acestei cercetări este de a obţine tratamente antifungice şi antibacteriene bazate pe compuşi naturali ai uleiurilor esenţiale de geraniu, pin şi rozmarin pentru căptuşelile din bumbac şi meşină utilizate la confecţionarea articolelor din piele, blană şi încălţăminte. Principalele benzi de absorbţie caracteristice grupărilor funcţionale ale uleiurilor esenţiale de geraniu, pin şi rozmarin au fost determinate prin spectroscopie în infraroşu cu transformată Fourier -reflexie totală atenuată (FTIR-ATR). Testul antifungic microbiologic a fost efectuat în prezenţa Candida albicans ATCC 10231, iar activitatea antibacteriană a fost determinată în prezenţa Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (bacterie Gram-pozitivă) şi Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (bacterie Gram-negativă). Metoda de absorbţie a implicat inocularea directă a inoculului de test bacteriologic pe eşantioanele tratate. Testele microbiologice au relevat o activitate antifungică şi antibacteriană ridicată a uleiurilor esenţiale de Aetheroleum pini sylvestris, Aetheroleum geranii, Rosmarinus officinalis pe căptuşelile din bumbac şi meşină, precum şi posibilitatea de a fi utilizate în diverse compoziţii pentru tratarea diferitelor materiale de căptuşeală pentru mănuşi, şepci, pantofi sau alte articole cu proprietăţi bioactive esenţiale pentru protecţia sănătăţii şi a mediului. CUVINTE CHEIE: compuşi naturali, tratamente antifungice şi antibacteriene, căptuşeală din pânză de bumbac, căptuşeală din meşină, protecţia sănătăţii şi a mediului TRAI...

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Antimicrobial Resistance Is a Global Health Emergency

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India

Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Proteobacteria in Hospital Water Bodies and Out-Falls of West Bengal, India

Effect of sunlight on the efficacy of commercial antibiotics used in agriculture

Antifungal and antibacterial treatments based on natural compounds for lining leather and footwear articles

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