Antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

Abstract

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance has been declared by the World Health Organization as a threat to the public health. The aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance patterns of the common pathogens occurring at the Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania to provide data for antimicrobial stewardship programmes.MethodsA total of 3330 microbiological culture results scripts representing non-repetitive specimens reported between June 2013 and May 2015 were retrieved and analyzed for pathogens and their susceptibility patterns using STATA-11 software.ResultsOut of 3330 specimens, 439 (13.2%) had positive culture. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 100; 22.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 65; 14.8%) and Escherichia coli (n = 41; 9.3%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Of 78 Staphylococcus aureus tested, 27 (34.6%) were found to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Rates of resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates to third generation cephalosporins were 38.5% (25/65) and 29.3% (12/41) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Klesbiella pneumoniae were commonly isolated from bloodstream infections while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant isolates from urinary tract and wounds infections respectively. Of 23 Salmonella species isolated, 22 (95%) were recovered from the blood. Nine of the 23 Salmonella species isolates (39%) were found to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins. The resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria to third generation cephalosporins increased from 26.5% in 2014 to 57.9% in 2015 (p = 0.004) while the rate of MRSA decreased from 41.2% in 2013 to 9.5% in 2015 (p = 0.016). Multidrug-resistant gram-negative isolates were commonly isolated from Intensive Care Units and it was noted that, the majority of invasive infections were due to gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionThere is an increase in proportion of gram-negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins. The diversity of potential pathogens resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics underscores the importance of sustained and standardized antimicrobial resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programmes in developing countries.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infections in a tertiary hospital, Bayelsa, South southern, Nigeria

“…As such the present study carried out an indebt study into the susceptibility patterns of the isolated pathogens and the outcome is quite worrying with the presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in infected wounds of patients attending FMC, Yenagoa, as a result presenting a major risk. It is interesting though, that, despite the wide spread of resistance noticed amongst our isolates, they were all susceptible to amikacin and nitrofurantoin which is similar to the result documented previously [39][40][41][42], and in contrast to report by Pondei et al [12].…”

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing osteomyelitis in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania

“…It was observed that about one third of S. aureus isolates were MRSA which is almost double to what was observed 10 years ago in the same setting among S. aureus isolates from wounds [24,25]. These findings cement the previous observations of increasing trend of MRSA in study settings made by Moremi et al in 2016 [26].…”

The high resistance of bacteria to clindamycin and cefepime: a call to revisit antibiotics reserved for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania

“…The study also found resistant pathogenic bacteria in the collected samples as previously reported by Nyambura et al, who did the study at BMC (20). Sadly, most of the blood samples collected in this study had resistant S. aureus which was suggestive of bloodstream infection as evidenced by more than 18% of patients who had fever.…”

“…The study found the overall resistance to clindamycin, cefipime and meropenem to be 70.1%, 72.4% and 8.5% respectively, which was higher than previous studies conducted in Tanzania (14,15,20).…”