Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular analysis of Enterococcus faecalis originating from endodontic infections in Finland and Lithuania

Abstract

Despite the differing antibiotic usage in Finland and Lithuania, E. faecalis from endodontic infections in these countries showed similar susceptibility patterns with levels of resistance considered typical for the species, and decreased resistance to clindamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin as well as lesions in the lsa gene which were similar to those described in other clinical isolates.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy combined with conventional endodontic treatment to eliminate root canal biofilm infection

“…The main causes of treatment failure are the presence of persistent microorganisms and the recontamination of the canal due to inadequate sealing [4,5]. In the case of conventional endodontic treatment failure, retreatment, surgical endodontic treatment or extraction are carried out with the use of antibiotics and antiseptics as adjunctive therapies, but the long-term use of chemical antimicrobial agents, however, can be rendered ineffective by resistance developing in the target organisms [6][7][8].…”

Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and surgical endodontic treatment on the bacterial load reduction and periapical lesion healing. Three years follow up

“…Therefore, chemical disinfection is necessary to optimally decontaminate the lesion. Various medicaments have Antibiotics have been used (25) and among them a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline has been shown to be very effective in vitro and in situ, especially in large cyst-like periradicular lesions (26,27).…”

“…But the long-term use of antimicrobial agents can be rendered ineffective by resistance developing in the target organisms (25).…”

Inhibition of Sodium Hypochlorite Antimicrobial Activity in the Presence of Bovine Serum Albumin

“…Microorganisms used in this study were E. faecalis strains VP3-181, GEL 31, and GEL 32 (27,28); Escherichia coli C498 (29); Staphylococcus epidermidis C621; and C. albicans C627 (clinical strains, UBC Microbiology Department collection). All microbes were grown at 37 C in air overnight on tryptic-soy-agar (TSA) plates (Difco, Detroit, MI), checked for purity, suspended in sterilized water, and adjusted spectrophotometrically to a cell density of 4 Â 10 7 cfu/mL for the bacteria and 4 Â 10 6 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for C. albicans, allowing the same microbial biomass for the bacterial and yeast solutions.…”