Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns ofEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumIsolated from Poultry Flocks in Germany

Abstract

Between 2010 and 2011, 145 Enterococcus isolates (Enterococcus faecalis, n = 127; Enterococcus faecium, n = 18) were collected during routine bacteriologic diagnostics from broilers, layers, and fattening turkeys in Germany showing various clinical signs. The susceptibility to 24 antimicrobial agents was investigated by broth microdilution test to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). All E. faecalis isolates (n = 127) were susceptible to the beta-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and penicillin. Corresponding MIC with 50% inhibition (MIC50) and MIC with 90% inhibition (MIC90) values of these antimicrobial agents were at the lower end of the test range (≤ 4 μg/ml). In addition, no vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found. High resistance rates were identified in both Enterococcus species for lincomycin (72%-99%) and tetracycline (67%-82%). Half or more than half of Enterococcus isolates were resistant to gentamicin (54%-72%) and the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin (44%-61%) and tylosin-tartate (44%-56%). Enterococcus faecalis isolated from fattening turkeys showed the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance compared to other poultry production systems. Eighty-nine out of 145 Enterococcus isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. Again, turkeys stood out with 42 (8 1%) multiresistant isolates. The most-frequent resistance patterns of E. faecalis were gentamicin, lincomycin, and tetracycline in all poultry production systems.

Antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecalis isolated from broiler cloacal samples

“…This result was consistent with the results of previous studies, which reported that E. faecium was the most commonly isolated Enterococcus species from poultry cloacal swabs (12) and poultry neck skin samples in Turkey (13), poultry fecal samples in Southeast Asian countries (14), and meat from poultry and other animals in Greece (15). However, it was reported in Germany (16) that the most commonly isolated strain from the samples of various poultry showing clinical symptoms was E. faecalis (88%). This discrepancy might have resulted from the differences in geographical region, sampling time, taking samples from animals with clinical symptoms, and the methods used.…”

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry

“…Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis are usually the most prevalent enterococcal species among isolates recovered from environmental samples such as poultry faeces/manure, feed, water and air (Yoshimura et al, 2000;Ruzauskas et al, 2009;Ali et al, 2013;Furtula et al, 2013), but very few data are available on enterococci from internal organs of healthy or diseased poultry (Tankson et al, 2002;Maasjost et al, 2015). In contrast to these data, the results obtained in this study indicate that E. faecalis accounted for the highest percentage of enterococci isolated from the internal organs of poultry, followed by E. faecium.…”

“…We also noted intermediate susceptibility of E. faecium and E. faecalis from broilers in 10.5% and 1.4% of strains, respectively. Similarly, Maasjost et al (2015) showed the absence of VRE from the internal organs of affected broilers, layers and turkeys. However, Sting et al (2013) detected VRE in cloacal and dust samples from 20 turkey flocks in south-western Germany.…”

“…Resistance to fluoroquinolones was frequently observed in E. faecium (82.8%) and E. faecalis (17.9%) in countries of Southeast Asia (Usui et al, 2014). According to Maasjost et al (2015), fewer isolates, numbering 7 (5%) of E. faecalis and 10 (56%) of E. faecium from the internal organs of poultry, demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. In the present study, resistance to enrofloxacin was observed at a higher frequency among E. faecium (81.5%), E. hirae (85.7%) and E. faecalis (69.6%) isolates.…”

Atividade antibacteriana <i>in vitro</i> dos óleos essenciais sobre micro-organismos patogênicos e probióticos de ocorrência no trato gastrointestinal de suínos e aves destinados à produção de alimentos de origem animal

“…de Enterococcus resistente à Vancomicina (VRE) em aves e suínos (IKE et al, 1999;MAASJOST et al, 2015), e de clones de Salmonella Enteritidis e S. Thyphimurium com genes de resistência a diversos antibióticos, em aves criadas intensivamente (YANG et al, 2002;CARRAMIÑAÑA et al, 2004). Portanto, a crescente preocupação pelo aumento da resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos ao redor do mundo (WEGENER et al, 1999;McEWEN & FEDORKA-CRAY, 2002;AARESTRUP, DURAN, BURCH, 2008), levou em 1986, que a Suécia fosse o primeiro país da…”