Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Genes in Genus Aeromonas spp. Isolated from the Environment and Rainbow Trout of Two Fish Farms in France

Hayatgheib, Niki; Calvez, Ségolène; Fournel, Catherine; Pineau, Lionel; Pouliquen, Hervé; Moreau, Emmanuelle

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061201

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In addition, we have also confirmed in the A. veronii strain described here, the presence of the previously described ColE as a plasmid of the qnrS gene [ 45 ]. These results correlate with that described by Hayatgheib et al [ 46 ] on Aeromonas spp. isolated from farmed rainbow trout, and by Yang et al [ 47 ] specifically on A. veronii strains isolated from farmed channel catfish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

First Report of Aeromonas veronii as an Emerging Bacterial Pathogen of Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil

Santos¹,

Fernandez-Alarcon²,

Ballaben

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Brazil is one of the world’s leading producers of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. However, the industry faces a major challenge in terms of infectious diseases, as at least five new pathogens have been formally described in the last five years. Aeromonas species are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that are often described as fish pathogens causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). In late December 2022, an epidemic outbreak was reported in farmed Nile tilapia in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, characterized by clinical signs and gross pathology suggestive of MAS. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize in vitro and in vivo the causative agent of this epidemic outbreak. The bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii based on the homology of 16S rRNA (99.9%), gyrB (98.9%), and the rpoB gene (99.1%). A. veronii showed susceptibility only to florfenicol, while it was resistant to the other three antimicrobials tested, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. The lowest florfenicol concentration capable of inhibiting bacterial growth was ≤0.5 µg/mL. The phenotypic resistance of the A. veronii isolate observed for quinolones and tetracycline was genetically confirmed by the presence of the qnrS2 (colE plasmid) and tetA antibiotic-resistant genes, respectively. A. veronii isolate was highly pathogenic in juvenile Nile tilapia tested in vivo, showing a mortality rate ranging from 3 to 100% in the lowest (1.2 × 104) and highest (1.2 × 108) bacterial dose groups, respectively. To our knowledge, this study would constitute the first report of highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant A. veronii associated with outbreaks and high mortality rates in tilapia farmed in commercial net cages in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

First Report of Aeromonas veronii as an Emerging Bacterial Pathogen of Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil

Santos¹,

Fernandez-Alarcon²,

Ballaben

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…MAR index was the highest (0.8) for A. veronii strain 6, which also carried all the tested virulence genes. In a recent study, 36% isolates of Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased rainbow trout were found to be multi-antibiotic resistant [77]. In another study, it was found that across a period of ten years, the fish-isolate Aeromonas spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Co-Prevalence of Virulence and Pathogenic Potential in Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Aeromonas spp. from Diseased Fishes with In Silico Insight on the Virulent Protein Network

Chakraborty

Das

Bera

et al. 2022

Life

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Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify Aeromonas species harbouring virulence genes aerolysin, flagellin, and lipase from diseased fishes of Assam wetlands with association with antibiotic resistance and in vivo pathogenicity. One hundred and thirty-four Aeromonas strains were isolated and thirty representative species identified using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene amplification. A. veronii was most prevalent (53.7%) followed by A. hydrophila (40.2%), A. caviae (4.47%), and A. dhakensis (1.49%). Ninety percent (90%) of strains harboured at least one of the studied virulence genes: aerA (73.3%), lip (46.6%), and flaA (26.6%). The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index 0.8 corresponded to A. hydrophila DBTNE1 (MZ723069), containing all the studied genes. The lowest LD50 values (1.6 × 106 CFU/fish) corresponded to isolates having both aerA and lip. β-lactams showed utmost resistance and lowest for aminoglycosides. There was a significant (p < 0.05) Pearson chi-square test of association between the occurrence of virulence and antibiotic resistance. The in silico protein–protein interaction revealed important drug targets, such as σ28 transcription factor, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and diacylglycerol kinase, with significant (p < 0.05) enrichment. This study suggests that fish-isolate Aeromonas strains represent potential threat to aquaculture with subsequent risk of transferring antibiotic resistance to human pathogens.

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“…The MIC value of enrofloxacin was reported as 0.5 μg/mL for A. sobria , and A. hydrophila isolated from carp [ 16 , 33 , 44 ]. In the samples taken from rainbow trout and environmental strains, the MIC value of enrofloxacin for Aeromonas spp., were found to be 0.008–4 μg/mL [ 44 , 45 ]. In this study, for A. hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from the fish farm, the MIC 50 value was 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively, and the MIC 90 values were calculated as 1 µg/mL for both species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration of Different Doses in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

Üney

Terzi̇

Çorum

et al. 2021

Animals

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The pharmacokinetic of enrofloxacin was investigated in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following oral administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses at 11 ± 1.5 °C. Furthermore, MICs of enrofloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria were determined. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined using HPLC–UV and analyzed by non-compartmental method. Following oral administration at dose of 10 mg/kg, total clearance (CL/F), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0−∞) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 41.32 mL/h/kg, 242.02 h*μg/mL and 4.63 μg/mL, respectively. When compared to 10 mg/kg dose, the dose-normalized AUC0–∞ and Cmax were increased by 56.30% and 30.08%, respectively, while CL/F decreased by 38.4% at 40 mg/kg dose, suggesting the non-linearity. Ciprofloxacin was not detected in the all of plasma samples. The MIC values of enrofloxacin were ranged 0.0625–4 μg/mL for A. hydrophila and 0.0625–2 μg/mL for A. sobria. The oral administration of enrofloxacin at 10 (for 192 h) and 20 (for 240 h) mg/kg doses provided the AUC of enrofloxacin equal to 1.23 and 1.96-fold MICs, respectively, for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with the MIC90 values of 1 µg/mL. However, further researches are needed on the PK/PD study of enrofloxacin for the successful treatment of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria in brown trout.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Genes in Genus Aeromonas spp. Isolated from the Environment and Rainbow Trout of Two Fish Farms in France

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

First Report of Aeromonas veronii as an Emerging Bacterial Pathogen of Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil

First Report of Aeromonas veronii as an Emerging Bacterial Pathogen of Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil

Co-Prevalence of Virulence and Pathogenic Potential in Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Aeromonas spp. from Diseased Fishes with In Silico Insight on the Virulent Protein Network

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration of Different Doses in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

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