Antimutagenic effect of polysaccharide ginsan extracted from Panax ginseng

Structure and biological activities of the polysaccharides from the leaves, roots and fruits of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: An overview

“…The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 male mice was assessed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of ginsan by Ivanova, Han, Son, Yun, and Song (2006). When the mice was treated with ginsan [100, 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)]…”

Protective effect of steamed American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on V79-4 cells induced by oxidative stress

“…Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants including ginseng are known to protect against oxidative stress from ROS (Reactive oxygen species). Among various medicinal plants, Asian ginseng has been used for many years as anti-aging agent (Xiao et al, 1993;Ivanova et al, 2006), and antimutagenic agent (Lee et al, 2001;Ivanova et al, 2006), and for the treatment of neuronal disorder (Lee et al, 2001). It also was reported that ginseng prevents lipid peroxidation (Sievenpiper et al, 2003), and cardiovascular diseases (Chen, 1996).…”

Protection by Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

“…Ginseng-treated Swiss white mice show a significant reduction in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induced by benzo[a]pyrene (Panwar et al, 2005). Ginsan, which itself is not mutagenic, decreases the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induced by gamma radiation in bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 male mice (Ivanova et al, 2006). Similarly, the ginsenoside Rh 2 enhances the antitumor activity and decreases the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice (Wang et al, 2006).…”

“…Similarly, the ginsenoside Rh 2 enhances the antitumor activity and decreases the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice (Wang et al, 2006). Ginseng has powerful antioxidant (Cho et al, 2008) and antimutagenic (Geetha et al, 2006;Ivanova et al, 2006) properties, although the mechanisms of these protective effects remain to be elucidated. Geetha et al (2006) reported that ginseng extracts protected against H 2 O 2 -induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, and against mutagenesis produced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the Ames test; however, the extract was unable to inhibit the damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in strain TA102 which is highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species.…”