Antineoplastic Activity and Curative Role of Avenanthramides against the Growth of Ehrlich Solid Tumors in Mice

Abstract

Interest is growing in finding natural sources of effective antitumor agents that generate fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Avenanthramides (Avns) are such compounds; these phenolic molecules naturally occur in oats and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects making them worthy of further research. The aim of this study is to characterise Avns' curative ability and antineoplastic activity on solid-form Ehrlich tumors. For the study, 75 female mice were randomly and equally allocated to five groups (group 1-control, group 2-DMSO, group 3-positive control receiving Avns, group 4-mice with Ehrlich solid tumor, and group 5-Ehrlich solid tumor treated with Avns). Mice with Ehrlich solid tumors exhibit increased tumor volume; elevated expression of AFP, ALT, AST, Bcl2, CEA, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, MDA, PCNA, potassium, triglycerides, TNF-α, and NF-κB; and a concomitant decline in catalase, GSH, P53, and SOD. In the mice with Ehrlich tumors who received Avns, there appeared to be improvement in NF-κB TNF-α, tumor markers (AFP and CEA), electrolytes, liver and kidney function enzymes, and lipid profiles; reduced MDA level; improved antioxidant parameters; normalised liver protein, P53, and PCNA; and reduced Bcl2 expression. Pathological examination of tumor lesions also indicated improvement. These results suggest that Avns exhibit antineoplastic activity and possess antioxidant properties that enhance the antioxidant defence system, thus reducing the oxidative stress caused by Ehrlich solid tumors.

Ameliorative effects of vitamin B17 on the kidney against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced renal toxicity in mice

“…In the immunohistochemical examination for PCNA and P53 proteins, a strong positive reaction in glomeruli and renal tubules were observed in the kidney sections of the Ehrlich carcinoma group according to Tousson et al and Eldaim et al who detected that Ehrlich tumor causes proliferation and apoptosis in renal tissues and induced strong positive expressions in Ki67, P53, and PCNA proteins in the female mice. Also, our results agree with Aldubayan et al who found that Ehrlich tumor‐induced higher expression of PCNA and KI67 proteins that observed in renal and hepatic tissues for mice. Finally, the treatment with VB17 in EAC bearing mice leads to decreased expression of PCNA and P53 proteins in renal tissue because it has anti‐proliferation and antiapoptotic effects; these results agree with Zhou et al reported that the improvement of amygdalin activated with β‐ d ‐glucosidase on HepG2 cells proliferation and apoptosis.…”

“…According to numerous studies, plant ingredients and their extracts were used in anticancer, anti‐inflammation, reducing renal and hepatotoxicity, and treat many diseases . Vitamin B17 (VB17), amygdalin and formerly called laetrile is one of many nitrilosides which are natural cyanide containing substances, which is abundant in the seeds of Prunasins family, such as apricots, apples, almonds, peaches, and other rosaceous plants .…”

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] According to numerous studies, plant ingredients and their extracts were used in anticancer, anti-inflammation, reducing renal and hepatotoxicity, and treat many diseases. [17][18][19][20][21] Vitamin B17 (VB17), amygdalin and formerly called laetrile is one of many nitrilosides which are natural cyanide containing substances, which is abundant in the seeds of Prunasins family, such as apricots, apples, almonds, peaches, and other rosaceous plants. 22,23 VB17 consists of two molecules of glucose, one of them is benzaldehyde which induces an analgesic action, the second is hydrocyanic acid which is an antineoplastic compound and used to treat the tumor and relieve pain.…”

Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon‐induced kidney toxicity in male rats

“…These findings agree with Yazar and Baydan and Abd El Raouf and Girgis who reported that ethephon induced hepatonephrotoxicity. PCNA is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication; it plays an essential role in nucleic acid metabolism as a component of the replication and repair machinery . PCNA is a good marker for the regeneration and toxicity of the kidneys .…”

“…PCNA is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication; it plays an essential role in nucleic acid metabolism as a component of the replication and repair machinery. 51 PCNA is a good marker for the regeneration and toxicity of the kidneys. 52,53 Also, a significant increase in PCNA expression in the kidney tissues of rats was intoxicated with ethephon.…”