Antioxidant activity and protective effect of propolis against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver and kidney injury by modulation of oxidative parameters

Abstract

Background and Aim: Propolis has a protective effect against cellular damage caused by toxic agents such as drugs, metals, xenobiotics, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress on kidney and liver injury in rat. Materials and Methods: The study quantified phenol, flavone, and flavonol in propolis and assessed antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and molybdate. The investigators used four groups of rats to study the effect of propolis on CCl4-induced toxicity. Propolis extract was given orally (500 mg/kg) for 12 days, and CCl4 (1 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on day 5 of the experiment. Blood and tissue samples of the liver and kidney were collected on day 13 to measure biochemical and oxidative parameters. The parameters included malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl formation (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (AA). Biochemical parameters included liver enzymes, blood urea (BU), creatinine, and uric acid (UA). Results: CCl4 decreased antioxidant agents, including CAT, GPx, GSH, and AA in the liver and kidney tissues. The oxidative agents' levels, including MDA, PCO, and AOPP, increased by CCl4 compared to the control group. CCl4 increased liver enzymes, UA, BU, and creatinine in the blood samples. Propolis significantly alleviated liver and kidney function, improved antioxidant parameters, and decreased levels of oxidative agents. Conclusion: The data showed for the 1st time that Moroccan propolis has a protective effect against CCl4-induced kidney and liver toxicity by maintaining the activity of the antioxidant defense system, which was most likely due to its antioxidant activity.

Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl4‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Propolis′ defensive ability is due to its modulator effect on antioxidant enzymes, which suppresses the beginning of free radicals and reduces future liver damage [15] . Propolis extract has the ability to treat and prevent urinary calculi, crystaluria, and proteinuria in addition to having a potential protective impact against CCl 4 , ethylene glycol, gentamicin, and adenine‐induced nephrotoxicity [16–18] …”

Dietary propolis complementation relieves the physiological and growth deterioration induced by Flavobacterium columnare infection in juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…In addition, the plasma biochemical parameters of AST, ALT, CRE, ALP, and LDH were also decreased with increasing the PR level in the fish diet, suggesting the potential capacity of PR to protect liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of the PLOS ONE fish from damage induced by CD infection [61]. It has been evidenced that PR protects against tissue injury of the liver, kidney, and lung in rats [62,63]. PR analysis shows that it contains a major amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with IC50 measurement of about 79 μg/ mL, which exerted a strong antioxidant activity [64].…”

Preventive Effect of Collagen Peptides from Acaudina molpadioides on Acute Kidney Injury through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…The activation of Nrf2 and NF- κ B signaling pathways may be related to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Amp ( Figure 7 ). According to literature reports, propolis can protect CCl 4 -induced kidney injury by modulation of oxidative parameters [ 35 ]. Ellagic acid prevents kidney injury and oxidative damage via regulation of Nrf2/NF κ B signaling in CCl 4 -induced rats [ 36 ].…”