Antioxidant Activity and Whitening Effect of Forsythiae Fructus Extracts

Abstract

The Forsythiae Fructus is an oriental medicine containing various lignans. In this study, the Forsythiae Fructus were extracted by hot water (Sample 1), hot water after bio-conversion using Lactobacillus strain (Sample 2-LP2, 2-LA, 2-LC, 2-LL, 2-BL and 2-LM) and 70% ethanol (Sample 3). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were improved by bio-conversion process using Lactobacillus strain, compared to water extract. Especially, sample 2-LL and 2-LA which had shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid content in antioxidant activity. Also, sample 2-LL and 2-LA showed higher melanin generation inhibitory activity as of 55%, 53% in maximum extract concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. In the anti-inflammation test of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited. Specially, both 70% Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract and sample 2-BL which have shown the relatively higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. In conclusion, the Forsythiae Fructus extracts with bio-conversion process has effect of skin whitening and anti-inflammation activity than other extracts. It could be used as a valuable materials for functional cosmetics.

Probiotics-Mediated Bioconversion and Periodontitis

“…These bioactive metabolites, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hydroxytyrosol, ginsenosides, isoflavones, and phenolic compounds have been known to have antioxidant activity as a major beneficial effect ( Lee and Paik, 2017 ). In addition, the metabolites have anti-inflammatory effects ( Yang and Choe, 2011 ), permeabilizing the membrane of treated cells to act as metabolites ( Ewe et al, 2012 ), and show anticancer activity ( Park et al, 2015 ). For example, Lactobacillus metabolizes polyphenols using glycosidase, and then converting them to secondary metabolites such as catechol, gallic acid, and pyrogallol ( Rodríguez et al., 2009 ; Tabasco et al, 2011 ).…”

“…HYA also decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in colitis mice, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Miyamoto et al, 2015 ). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and bioactive metabolites of PMB of Forsythiae Fructus extracts inhibited nitric oxide synthesis ( Yang and Choe, 2011 ). PMB of soymilk synthesized isoflavone aglycones (daidzein, genistein, and glycitein) and equol, and PMB inhibited the inflammatory status of Caco-2/TC7 cells ( Di Cagno et al, 2010 ).…”

Anti-aging Effect of Mixed Extract from Medicinal Herbs

“…Among the components of the MHE, the Forsythiae fructus extract has been reported to have a whitening effect, and the antioxidant functions of Siberian ginseng, Solomon's seal, Ponciri fuctus and ginseng have been reported. Each extract contains various flavonoids, which also have antioxidant properties (Choi, 2008;Dong et al, 2017;Fathi et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2011;Kong & Kwon, 2021;Yang & Choe, 2011). Antioxidants inhibit tyrosinase and interfere with melanin biosynthesis, which can have a skin whitening effect (Briganti et al, 2003;Solano et al, 2006).…”

“…Additionally, it contains arctigenin and matairesinol. As physiologically active skin ingredients, they are tyrosinase inhibitors that act on the melanin metabolism pathway induced by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and are attracting attention as cosmetic whitening materials (Yang & Choe, 2011). Tribuli fructus, which is the dried fruit of Tribulus terrestris L, has been reported to have pharmacological activities of improving sexual function, preventing and treating cardiovascular disease, and improving neuroprotection and memory.…”

Antioxidant Activities and Anti-aging Effects of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger Extracts

“…천연물 유래 항산화제에 대한 연구 중 약용식물은 예로부터 일상적으로 이용되어 안정성이 입증되어 있고, 비 타민, 무기질, 폴리페놀류 등 광합성 대사산물이 포함되어 있어 발암 및 노화를 예방한다고 보고 되고 있다 [3,4,5]. 최근에는 다양한 생리활성에 대한 관심이 증가됨과 동시에 근래에는 약용식물 로부터 기능성 화장품 소재 개발 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다 [6,7,8].…”