Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition Potentials, and Phytochemical Profiling of Premna serratifolia L. Leaf Extracts

Abstract

Premna serratifolia, commonly known as Arogo in Tentena-Sulawesi, is a popular vegetable. As a promising herbal tea and food ingredient, further investigation is required to find the best knowledge for medicinal use of P. serratifolia leaves. This research investigated the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPS) and water (WEPS) extracts of P. serratifolia leaves, based on their scavenging activities on DPPH radicals and their reducing capacities (CuPRAC, total antioxidant/phosphomolybdenum, and ferric thiocyanate reducing power assays). The DNA-protecting effect by EEPS was tested using pBR322 plasmid DNA against •OH radical-induced damage. The inhibition potentials of both extracts against several enzymes related to metabolic diseases (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and protease) were evaluated. The phytochemical analysis was conducted by an LC-QTOF-MS/MS technique. EEPS proved to be a better antioxidant and had higher phenolic content compared to WEPS. EEPS demonstrated a protective effect on DNA with recovery percentage linearly correlated with EEPS concentrations. Strong inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was observed for EEPS; however, EEPS and WEPS showed weak inhibitions on xanthine oxidase and protease. LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified seven main components in EEPS, namely scroside E, forsythoside A and forsythoside B, lavandulifolioside, diosmin, nobilin D, campneoside I, and isoacteoside. These components may be responsible for the observed enzymes inhibitions and antioxidant properties. Premna serratifolia leaves can be an appropriate choice for the development of nutraceutical and drug preparations.

The Stem Infusate and Ethanol Extract of Physalis angulata Inhibitory Activities against a-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase

“…Determination of xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was conducted following a reported method. 12 Xanthine was used as a substrate and allopurinol was used as a reference inhibitor. Sample of different concentrations (100 µL) was mixed with xanthine oxidase (0.2 U/mL, 100 µL) and phosphate buffer (50 mM pH 7.4, 400 µL).…”

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“…herbal formulation/ iridoid prevent age-related disorders, supersede the ageing process [27] Many bioactive compounds in PS extracts, such as forsythoside A and B, lavandulifolioside, diosmin, nobilin D, campneoside I, isoactoside. scoriside E [2], terpenoid, oleanolic acid, stigmasterol have important activities that are associated with various diseases.…”

“…Simamora et al, have reported proteinase, lipase. Water and ethanol extract of PS can inhibit several key enzymes in health and diseases, namely α-glucosidase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and protease [2]. Further researches are needed for the inflammatory and neurological enzymes, tyrosinase and lipase.…”

“…But in Middle Sulawesi, Indonesia, particularly in Tentena, Poso. PS is known as arogo (local name) that its leave is a cooking ingredient [2]. Arogo leave is traditionally added in high-fat cook.…”

“…against ageing and Parkinson disease [8]. Leave of PS is able to inhibit several key enzymes associated with particular diseases [2] and to melanogenesis [9]. This review aimed to evaluate the available information on the bioactive compounds in the leave extract of PS, in vitro and in vivo activity of the extracts and their bioactive compounds, and the preparation of PS.…”