Antioxidant activity in plasma and rumen papillae development in lambs fed fermented apple pomace

Abstract

The effect of fermented apple pomace (FAP) on animal health, antioxidant activity (AA), hematic biometry (HBm) and the development of ruminal epithelium were investigated in a study with 24 finishing lambs (BW = 25.4 ± 3.3 Kg). Lambs were grouped by sex (12 male and 12 female) and fed (n = 6 per group of treatment) a basal fattening diet (Control diet, T1) or the basal diet supplemented to include 10.91% of fermented apple pomace (FAP diet, T2). The animals were kept 56 d in individual metabolic cages, with ad libitum access to water and feed. Two blood samples were collected from each animal on d 0, 28, and 56 to determine AA in plasma and hematic biometry (HBm). Four samples of ruminal tissue were taken postmortem to evaluate the development of ruminal epithelium based on the length (LP) and width (WP) of papillae. AA and HBm data were analyzed with a mixed model (fixed effects: diet, sampling, sex, and their interaction; using the experimental unit nested in the effect of the diet as the random effect). LP and WP were analyzed with a hierarchical model, as simple and nested effects in the sampling site, where the fixed effects were the diet and the sex of the animal and their interaction. There was an effect of diet on AA, which was higher (P < 0.06) in T2 vs. T1 at 56 d (24.34 vs. 21.79 mM Fe2). Leukocytes increased (P < 0.05) from 7.52*10(3) ± 1.29*10/(3)μL to 9.14*10(3) ± 1.24*10(3)/μL in all the animals in the experiment, with a marked increased (P < 0.05) at 28 d after beginning of the feeding period, with values within the normal range for this species and without effect of the diet (P > 0.05) for the other indicators of HBm. Males' LP was higher in T2 than in T1 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the use of FAP in the diets of finishing sheep reaped benefits on animal health and the development of rumen epithelium by improving antioxidant activity in plasma and stimulating the growth of papillae.

Apple Pomace as Potential Source of Natural Active Compounds

“…Lambs fed a fattening diet including the addition of 10.91 % of fermented apple pomace showed higher plasma antioxidant activity and higher leukocyte counts than the control group. An observed positive side effect of the apple pomace diet was the enhanced growth of multilayered epithelium and enhanced dimensions of papillae [119].…”

Treatment of A Traumatic Injury of Hand With Persian Medicine

“…From the perspective of conventional medicine, eating apple with its antioxidant effect accelerates the repair of epithelial cells [17]. Saffron (Crocus sativus) has an anti-inflammatory effect and has a role in strengthening the immune system and regulating the function of T cells [18][19].…”

The Enzymatic Digestion of Pomaces From Some Fruits for Value-Added Feed Applications in Animal Production

“…This in turn enhances the peristaltic movements of the bowel, mediation of homeostasis of cholesterol and triglycerides, which then improves the cardiovascular health together with triterpenoids which enhance the bioactivity of the nitric oxide synthase enzyme (Beermann et al, 2018). Moreover, plasma from lambs fed a fattening diet containing ∼10% apple pomace, demonstrated a higher antioxidant activity (Rodríguez-Muela et al, 2015). Wistar rats fed native apple pomace, showed an increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in their red blood cells, demonstrating further the potential of apple's pomace bioactives in mitigating oxidative stresses (Juśkiewicz et al, 2011).…”