Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and total phenolic content of extracts from three genders of carob tree barks growing in Morocco

Hajaji, Hanane El; Lachkar, Nadya; Alaoui, Katim; Cherrah, Yahia; Farah, Abdellah; Ennabili, Abdeslam; Bali, Brahim El; Lachkar, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.053

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An important ingredient in carob seeds is galactomannan, which is known for its thickening effects and is widely used in the food industry. The crude extract of the plant pod exhibits antioxidant properties due to the presence of catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate, along with simpler phenolics, such as phloroglucinol, pyrogallol, catechol, and gallic acid [10–12]. Avallone et al [13] revealed that an extract of carob pods showed anxiolytic-sedative effects and acted as a chemopreventive agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress

Al-Olayan

El‐Khadragy

Alajmi

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease found predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the developing world, with the second highest socioeconomic and public health burden despite strenuous control efforts. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua pod extract (CPE) on liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.MethodsThe schistosomal hepatopathologic mouse model was established by tail immersion with schistosomal cercaria. The extract was given daily for 10 days beginning 42 days post-infection. Liver samples were obtained from mice sacrificed 9 weeks after infection. Liver histopathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining.ResultsTypical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes were induced in the untreated mice. However, the oral administration of CPE was effective in reducing worm number and the egg load in the liver. This treatment also decreased granuloma size and collagen deposition by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression. Schistosomal infection induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite/nitrate (nitric oxide; NO) production along with concomitant decreases in glutathione (GSH) and various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. However, treatment of mice with CPE at 300 or 600 mg/kg inhibited LPO and NO production, increased GSH content, and restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes compared with untreated infected mice. Furthermore, treatment with CPE inhibited apoptosis, as indicated by the reduced Bax expression in hepatic tissue.ConclusionThese data indicated that extracts from Ceratonia siliqua pods may play an important role in combating schistosomal hepatopathology and may inhibit granuloma formation and liver fibrosis through down-regulation of TIMP-2 expression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress

Al-Olayan

El‐Khadragy

Alajmi

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…It also contains minerals, amino acids, sugars, and dietary fibers including lignin and polyphenols; flavonol glycoside, 4′-p-hydroxybenzoylisorhamnetin-3-O- α -L-rhamnopyranoside named ceratoside, together with the known kaempferol-3-O- α -L-rhamnopyranoside (afzelin), quercetin-3-O- α -L-arabinofuranoside (auriculain), quercetin-3-O- α L-rhamnopyranoside, β -sitosterol, and β -sitosterol-3-O- β -D-glucoside were isolated from carob seeds [14, 16, 17]. Moreover, carob bean gum increases the dietary fiber in food products without increasing the calories and increases the swelling of the food once in the stomach, which encourages a feeling of fullness, so it is considered a natural appetite suppressant and effective in prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the Hypolipidemic Activity of Parsley and Carob in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats

Rabey

Al‐Seeni

Al-Ghamdi

2017

BioMed Research International

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Hypercholesterolemia is commonly associated with obesity that leads to heart diseases and diabetes. The hepatocardioprotective activity of parsley and carob methanol extract was tested in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group 1 was the negative control group fed with fat rich diet, group 2 (G2) was hypercholesterolemic rats fed with fat rich diet with 2% cholesterol, and group 3 and group 4 (G3 and G4) were hypercholesterolemic rats supplemented with 2% cholesterol and cotreated with 20% w/w parsley seed methanol extract and 20% w/w carob legume methanol extract, respectively. The experiment was conducted for eight weeks. The positive hypercholesterolemic rats showed significant increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-mb, liver function enzymes, and decrease in the high density lipoproteins (HDL). Moreover, heart and liver tissues were ameliorated and nearly restored their normal appearance. It could be concluded that both parsley and carob extracts supplementations have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and improved the histological alteration in heart and liver tissues. The methanol extract of parsley appeared to be more efficient than that of carob in lowering hypercholesterolemia.

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“…These are rich sources of antidiabetic and antioxidant agents such as flavonoids, gallotannins and other related polyphenols . Carob tree ( Ceratonia siliqua L.), is a slow‐growing evergreen tree and is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids . It has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of human gastrointestinal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan‐induced diabetes in rat

et al. 2016

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Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and total phenolic content of extracts from three genders of carob tree barks growing in Morocco

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress

Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress

Comparison between the Hypolipidemic Activity of Parsley and Carob in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats

Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan‐induced diabetes in rat

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