Antioxidant capacity and larvicidal activity of essential oil and extracts from Lippia grandis

Abstract

Abstract:The leaves and thin branches of Lippia grandis Schauer, Verbenaceae, are used for flavoring of food in the Brazilian Amazon, as substitute for oregano. In this study the constituents of the essential oil were identified and the antioxidant capacity and larvicidal activity of the oil and methanol extract and its sub-fractions were evaluated. A sensory evaluation was determined in view of absence of toxicity. The oil showed a yield of 2.1% and its main constituents were thymol (45.8%), p-cymene (14.3%), γ-terpinene (10.5%), carvacrol (9.9%) and thymol methyl ether (4.8%), totalizing 85%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity showed values for the EC50 between 9.0 and 130.5 µg mL -1 and the TEAC/ABTS values varied from 131.1 to 336.0 mg TE/g, indicating significant antioxidant activity for the plant. The total phenolic content ranged from 223.0 to 761.4 mg GAE/g, contributing to the antioxidant activity observed. The crude extracts inhibited the bleaching of β-carotene and the oil showed the greatest inhibition (42.5%). The oil (LgO, 7.6±2.4 µg mL -1 ) showed strong larvicidal activity against the brine shrimp bioassay. The sensory evaluation was highly satisfactory in comparison to oregano. The results are very promising for the use of L. grandis in seasoning and antioxidant products.

Antioxidant activity of some Morrocan hydrosols

“…According to other authors, such activity of eugenol can be attributed to the position of the single hydroxyl group on the phenol group (Hossain et al, 2008). Carvacrol and thymol were also reported as good scavengers of ABTS free radicals as expected due to their phenolic structure (Ündeğer et al, 2009;Damasceno et al 2011). Therefore, eugenol and carvacrol can easily donate an electron to ABTS, remaining relatively stable, which means good antioxidant activity as free radical scavengers.…”

Contents of constituents and antioxidant activity of seed and pulp extracts of Annona coriacea and Annona sylvatica

“…The test of inhibition of the autoxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid is based on the ability of certain substances to protect the beta-carotene from oxidation. This oxidation is caused by the free radicals formed during the peroxidation of linoleic acid, which attack the chromophore of the β-carotene emulsion resulting in a whitening reaction (Alves et al, 2010;Damasceno et al, 2011).…”

Comparative evaluation between the extenders TES-TRIS and ACP-112® and the association of Sálva Marajó oil (Lippia origanoides) in the quality of cryopreserved buffalo sperm

“…As new diluents have been evaluated for the cryopreservation of mammalian semen, antioxidant compounds such as synthetic antioxidants (Pentoxifylline, Trolox  ), vitamins (Vitamin C and E, Selenium) and antioxidants obtained from extracted plant essential oils have been evaluated as additives to diluents to balance the production of toxic substances with the viability of semen (MAIA; BICUDO, 2009;GONÇALVES et al, 2011;DAMASCENO et al, 2011;CARDOSO, 2013;TEIXEIRA et al, 2014).…”

“…One group of plants that have already been studied biochemically are those of the genus Lippia, which has approximately 200 species of herbs, shrubs and small trees, and approximately 120 species are found in Brazil, including L. alba, L. gracilis, L. origanoides, L. organoides, L. sidoides, and L. triplinervis (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007;DAMASCENO et al, 2011;TAVARES-DIAS, 2013;OLIVEIRA et al, 2014). Extracted oil from L. origanoides has been evaluated in somatic cells; it showed antioxidant properties that retard oxidative degradation reactions, reducing the oxidation rate and decreasing cell death DAMASCENO et al, 2011;TEIXEIRA et al, 2014).…”

“…The cryopreservation of semen with different diluents has been well studied, and some of these studies have reported the use of different synthetic or natural antioxidants that may help protect the spermatozoa after the freezing and thawing process (GONÇALVES et al, 2011;CÂMARA et al, 2011;DAMASCENO et al, 2011;SILVA et al, 2011;CARDOSO, 2013;TEIXEIRA et al, 2014). Recently, the use of plant extracts has been reported to improve spermatozoa quality after freezing for some species as well as the rates of sperm penetration and embryo cleavage (ZHAO et al, 2009;MALO et al, 2011MALO et al, , 2012DAGHIGH-KIA et al, 2014;MOTLAGH et al, 2014;SHAHBAZZADEH et al, 2014).…”