Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in 6-Hydroxydopamine Unilateral Intrastriatal Injected Rats

Abstract

The toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a highly oxidizable dopamine (DA) analog that is widely used for reproducing several cell processes identified in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Due to the close similarity of its neurotoxic mechanism to those of DA, it is suitable as a model for testing the effects of potentially neuroprotective drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on brain oxidative stress (OS) in unilateral intrastriatal (6-OHDA) injected rats. Forty male Wistar rats, four months old (220–260 g), were evaluated. Half of them received LA (35 mg/kg i.p.) from the start to the end of the experiment. On day 2 of the trial, ten LA-supplemented rats and ten non-LA-supplemented rats were subjected to the apomorphine test. Brain homogenates were evaluated for thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The same evaluation procedures were repeated on day 14 with the remaining animals. An increased TBARS level and decreased GPx activity, suggestive for OS, were recorded in homogenates on day 14 vs. day 2 of the experiment in the 6-OHDA treated rats. The simultaneous application of LA mitigated these changes. Our study demonstrates that the low dose of LA could be of value for decreasing the OS of the neurotoxic 6-OHDA, supporting the need for further studies of the benefit of LA treatment in PD.

Evaluation of Dissolution Profiles of a Newly Developed Solid Oral Immediate-Release Formula Containing Alpha-Lipoic Acid

“…ALA functions in the body, much like a B-vitamin. It is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial aerobic metabolism and multienzyme complexes, being implied in the glucose conversion and energy production [8] and a potent antioxidant [9][10][11]. ALA displaying an excellent scavenging activity against the hydroxyl radical (HO•), with anti-inflammatory activity-by decreasing the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 [12,13], performing an anti-aging activity [14] metal-chelating capacities and acting on the second messenger nuclear factor κB without any side effects [15]; almost meets all standards of a perfect anti-aging substance [15].…”

Antioxidant lipoic acid ligand-shell gold nanoconjugates against oxidative stress caused by α-synuclein aggregates

“…However, these results corroborate well with those observed in the cell viability assay, indicating that GNPs and GNPs-LA are not toxic at the doses investigated and that GNPs-LA possess a strong alleviating effect on the cell toxicity. GNPs-LA have enhanced the Maximal Respiration and Spare Respiratory Capacity of mitochondria, where the energy reserve increases the cell viability when the demand of energy in the cells is high under oxidative stress condition 58,59 . Taking this observation into consideration, all the later experiments were carried out using the 60 µg/ml GNPs-LA concentration and the GNPs-LA (30 µg/ml)/GNPs-α-Syn (30 µg/ml) mixture that showed the most promising results.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Dietary Supplementation and Lifestyle Factors

“…Seven of the empirical studies in this issue are related specifically to assessing outcomes following dietary consumption in human [16][17][18] and nonhuman [3,4,19,20] models, while three specifically consider the effects of an exercise intervention [21][22][23]. In the human models, interesting results are presented spanning the use of electrolyte-reduced water [16], the dietary correlates of mood across the menstrual cycle [17], and the links between ketogenic diet and microRNA-associated antioxidant status [18].…”

“…The aim of this issue was to collect and synthesize pertinent literature from original investigations to review articles surrounding these areas, and to provide evidence-based source to enhance our understanding. Collectively, this Special Issue includes 12 empirical investigations that covered multiple aspects of inflammation and oxidative stress from the perspectives of specific nutrients, such as alpha-lipoic acid [ 3 ] and sulforaphane [ 4 ], and 6 distinct review articles that aimed to consolidate and summarize our understanding of diverse contexts, such as exercising within hypoxia [ 5 ], and the influence of diet and dietary antioxidants on mood and depression [ 6 ]. In a fundamental review for this issue, Taherkhani and colleagues [ 7 ] provide an overview of the mechanistic effects of physical activity on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress and how dietary antioxidant consumption can modulate these responses.…”

“…As such, further investigation is required to explore the effects of other dietary patterns on cardiac tissue and oxidative stress to be able to better elucidate effective long-term treatment options. Two specific dietary nutraceuticals were examined in the form of sulforaphane by Ruhee and colleagues [ 4 ] and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) by Andreeva-Gateva and colleagues [ 3 ]. Ruhee [ 4 ] investigated the efficacy of sulforaphane at the prominent site of oxidative stress, the macrophage level.…”