Antioxidant Enzymes Level Detection in Cisplatin Treated Iraqi Lung Cancer Patients and In vitro Estimating the Cytotoxic and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in A549 Cell Line

Abstract

Cisplatin is one of the most important and effective antitumor drug used as treatment against different types of tumors. Cisplatin directly affects DNA integrity as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death induction. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in healthy controls and lung tumor patients before and after cisplatin treatment. Untreated patients showed a significant reduction in CAT, GPx, and SOD levels, while cisplatin-treated patients retained the normal levels of antioxidant enzymes compared with healthy controls. Cisplatin exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 lung tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.33 μg mL-1. Cisplatin was found to induce the generation of ROS in cisplatin-treated A549 cells compared with a negative control. Such an increase in ROS production was significantly correlated with increasing cisplatin concentration.

Measurements of enzymes (MDA, CAT, GST) Level in sera of lung cancer in Iraqi patients and the relation with taxol drugs

“…This decrease in GST and CAT enzyme levels indicates a compromised antioxidant defense system in smoker patients, leading to reduced protection against oxidative damage. The decreased levels of GST enzyme observed in lung cancer patients who are smokers can be attributed to the cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, which contains numerous carcinogens and toxic compounds [14].Chronic exposure to these substances can lead to oxidative stress [2].GSTs are enzymes responsible for detoxification processes, facilitating the binding of harmful electrophilic substances with glutathione, a protective molecule. This conjugation reaction acts as a shield for cellular macromolecules, safeguarding them against damage caused by oxidative stress and preventing their destruction [15].GSTs play a crucial role in both the initiation and survival of cancer cells.…”

“…eventually distinguishing a malignant lung tumor from lung cancer. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other tissues and distant parts of the body, posing a significant threat to the patient's health [2]. Primary risk factors for lung cancer include exposure to smoke, especially inhalation of carcinogenic particles, affecting both active smokers and passive smokers exposed to secondhand smoke.…”

Chemoprevention of DMH Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Combination Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Calcium and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract

“…There was a decrease in the numbers and size of tumors along with the improvements in colon length/ weight ratio (Figures 2-4) in combined treatment groups of hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves extract, Calcium citrate and L. acidophilus by minimizing cellular reactive oxygen species and tumor cell proliferation. 41,42 Circulatory oxidative stress is increased by DMH metabolites that cause an excess of systemic reactive oxygen species. RBCs and hemoglobin are prone to circulatory oxidative stress, and a decrease in RBCs and Hb were noted, indicating anemic pathology, along with an upsurge in platelet and WBC levels, signifying the body's defensive mechanisms is activated.…”