Antioxidant Evaluation and Polyphenol Contents of Hydro Ethanolic Extract’s Fractions from Ephedra nebrodensis

Abstract

Ephedra nebrodensis, is a medicinal plant, traditionally in Algeria used for the cure of various ailments such as hepatic disorders. On this basis in present study the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) of ethanol extract obtained by maceration from aerial parts of E. nebrodensis were investigated. Different fractions were accessed for their yield percentage, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannins content (TTC) and antioxidant potential (DPPH - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS - 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), reducing power assay (FRAP - ferric reducing antioxidant power activity),and bleaching of β-carotene test . Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EF) represents the highest amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins with 269.669 ± 0.031 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of DE, 44.507 ± 0.003 µg quercetin equivalents/mg of DE and 228.487 ± 1.362 µg tannic acid equivalents/mg of DE, respectively. In antioxidant assays, ethyl acetate fractions (EF) showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS antioxidant (IC50: 0.009 and 0.004 µg/mL) and FRAP potential (EC50: 0.005 ± 0.000 µg/mL), which significantly correlate to its high content of polyphenolics, flavonoids and tannins. Further, fractions were rich in phenolic compounds. The present results support the possible use of the ethyl acetate fraction from E. nebrodensis in pharmaceutical industries as a natural antioxidant.
 Keywords: Ephedra nebrodensis, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant capacity.

Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species

“…Finally, Ephedra nebrodensis, which has the lowest distribution, can be found in North Africa [56], Europe (▶ Fig. 2 e) [57], including Italy [58,59] and Spain [52], Morocco [60], and Algeria [61]. Here, we will focus on Moroccan Ephedra species.…”

“…They further characterized the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of E. nebrodensis , notably a marked dose-dependent capacity to reduce croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. The antioxidant effect has been correlated to the high content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, and tannins 30 , 61 . Cell protective effects were also observed.…”

“…5 ) was evidenced later when Hamoudi and coworkers performed a phytochemical screening of the same plant (aerial parts) collected in Algeria. They identified the alkaloids together with phenolic compounds and a large fraction of flavonoids with antioxidant properties 29 , 61 . They further characterized the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of E. nebrodensis , notably a marked dose-dependent capacity to reduce croton oil-induced ear edema in mice.…”