Antioxidant-rich date palm fruit extract inhibits oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in rat

Abstract

Recent investigations have proved the crucial role of nutritional antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds. In this study, the antioxidant effect of date palm fruit extract on dimethoate-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rat is investigated and compared with the effect of the well-known antioxidant vitamin C. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten each: a control group (C), a group that received dimethoate (20 mg/kg body weight) (D), a group given Deglet Nour extract (DNE), a group treated with DNE 30 min before the administration of dimethoate (DNE + D), a group which received VitC (100 mg/kg body weight) plus dimethoate (Vit C + D), and a group given dimethoate for the first month and DNE 30 min after administration of dimethoate, during the second month (D + DNE). These components were daily administered by gavage for 2 months. After completing the treatment period, blood samples from rats were collected under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia for serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, while the rat kidneys were obtained for enzyme assays and histology. Oral administration of dimethoate in rats induced a marked renal failure characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea levels (p < 0.01) in addition to a significant decrease in serum uric acid (p < 0.05). Interestingly, these drastic modifications were accompanied by a marked enhancement of lipid peroxidation in kidney, indicating a significant induction of oxidative damage (p < 0.01) and dysfunctions of enzymatic antioxidant defenses. These biochemical alterations were also accompanied by histological changes in kidney revealed by a narrowed Bowman's space, tubular degeneration, tubular cell desquamation, and tubular dilatation of proximal tubules. Treatment with date palm fruit extract (Deglet Nour) and also with vitamin C significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the serum renal markers to their near-normal levels when compared with dimethoate-treated rats. In addition, Deglet Nour extract and vitamin C significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored the antioxidant defense enzymes in the kidney, and improved the histopathology changes. The present findings indicate that in vivo date palm fruit may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced nephrotoxicity.

Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Palm Date Seeds and Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetic Rats

“…Also, Al-Qarawi et al [39] reported that administration of the extracts of the flesh and pits of palm date caused significant improvement in serum creatinine and urea concentrations and the proximal tubular damage in a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Moreover, Saafi-Ben Salah et al [17] showed that aqueous extract of Deglet Nour cultivar has improved serum creatinine and urea and attenuated the histopathological damage induced by dimethoate in kidney of rats. Also, Ali and Abdu [40] showed that the aqueous date extract of Ajwa cultivar has improved the histopathological change induced by Ochratoxin (A) in renal distal and proximal tubules.…”

“…AlQarawi et al [39] suggested that the nephroprotective action of extracts of the flesh and pits of Phoenix dactylifera in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity attributed to the antioxidant components of date such as melatonin, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. Also, Saafi-Ben Salah et al [17] showed that date aqueous extract of Deglet Nour cultivar has attenuated lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant defense system in dimethoate-induced nephrotoxicity. The protective effect of aqueous date extract to their high amounts of antioxidant substances such as polyphenols, trace elements, and vitamin C [13,[44][45][46].…”

“…The extracts of palm date fruits and seeds showed strong antioxidant properties in many in vitro studies [9,13] and in vivo studies [10,14,15]. Recently, El Arem et al [16] demonstrated the beneficial effect of aqueous palm fruit extract (ADE) against the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and Saafi-Ben Salah et al [17] and El Arem et al [18] demonstrated the beneficial effect for palm date extracts against nephrotoxicity induced by dichloroacetic acid and dimethoate respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated in a recent study by our group that palm date extracts ameliorates the hepatic dysfunctions in type 2 DM [19].…”

Sıçanlarda Dimetoatla Oluşturulan Hepatotoksisite Üzerine Taflan (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) Meyvesinin Koruyucu Etkisi

“…Producers, pesticide workers, and farm owners are the basic risk groups of dimethoate exposure [3] . Previous studies indicate that dimethoate leads to oxidative stress via production of free radicals and induction of lipid peroxidation [4][5][6] .…”

Effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza extract on the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and kidney of rats exposed to TCA

“…This enhancement in the content of MDA might have resulted from an increase in reactive oxygen species, as a result of stress in rats exposed to TCA toxication. Also, an elevation of MDA results by superoxide overproduction, after which dismutation produces single oxygen and H 2 O 2 , easily converted later into the reactive OH, which starts free-radical chain reactions of lipid peroxidation (Salah et al, 2012). Furthermore, it has been examined that petroleum diethyl ether extracts of Sideritis sp.…”