Antioxidant supplementation preserves antioxidant response in physical training and low antioxidant intake

Palazzetti, Stéphane; Rousseau, Anne-Sophie; Richard, Marie‐Jeanne; Favier, A.; Margaritis, Irène

doi:10.1079/bjn20031027

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, below and above a stimulation threshold triggered by a given load, the relationship between training loads and endogenous adaptation is not verified (76,90) . An interdependence of antioxidant intakes and the effects of training on the endogenous antioxidant system has been observed in reference to a training-load modulation (increase/ decrease) (7,76) . This supposes that the antioxidants required during a period of increased or reduced training stress differ from those required during a 'normal' training period.…”

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One has to be cautious when interpretating plasma a-tocopherol concentrations during training periods. Indeed, the higher the intensity in training is, the higher plasma a-tocopherol concentrations are (7) . Exercise mobilises more plasma a-tocopherol and leads to an increase in circulating concentrations (26,27) .…”

Section: Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maintenance of a normal nutritional status is determinant. If the effects of a supplementation during overtraining are mostly evident in the lessening of muscle damage, it is noteworthy that the supplied doses can be provided by a diversified and wellbalanced diet (7) . The effects of antioxidant supplements are mainly visible when subjects are initially deficient in antioxidants or when the food ingested is limited in the given antioxidants (91,92) .…”

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, team-game athletes frequently have poor dietary food choices with vitamin C intakes , 150 mg/d (6) . Moreover, excessive training is backed by the shortage in the supply of vitamin C (7) . However, with well-trained athletes, ascorbic acid status in basal conditions is normal (6) .…”

Section: Does Physical Exercise Modify the Status Of Antioxidant Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

Margaritis

Rousseau

2008

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Physical training is known to induce a biochemical adaptive response which might require an increase in the ingestion and/or the absorption of micronutrients. A question that is still being raised is whether acute or chronic exercise modifies antioxidant requirements. First, the present review brings to light the most crucial studies on the topic. Second, it interprets the established relationships between antioxidant micronutrient intakes and the adaptive response of antioxidant systems. Finally, it exposes the major questions connected with antioxidant micronutrient requirements for athletes. To this effect, the training-load interaction with nutrition is taken into account. As oxidative stress cannot be avoided, the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can be alleviated to minimise oxidative damage and outcomes. There is growing evidence that one specific antioxidant cannot by itself prevent oxidative stress-induced damage, as direct adverse effects of supplementation are attributed to undesirable synergic effects. Other effects can be supposed that limit the endogenous adaptive effect of training. High doses of antioxidant supplements can minimise the effects of radical oxygen species themselves or generate pro-oxidant effects. Effects are only exhibited when nutritional status is deficient. There are no convincing effects of supplementation in well-trained athletes. Risk/benefit analysis emerges on evidence for an unknown risk of supranutritional intakes, a supposed impairment of adaptive effects and a still unknown long-term risk. Appropriate status can be achieved by a diversified and balanced diet, adapted to specific needs, by awareness of high-density food intakes (avoiding products containing a low density of micronutrients).

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Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Does Physical Exercise Modify the Status Of Antioxidant Vitamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

Margaritis

Rousseau

2008

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…One of the possibilities is to associate physical training with antioxidant supplementation. PALAZZETTI et al [163] reported that physical over-training-induced nonenzymatic antioxidant downregulation and increased susceptibility to oxidative damage can be avoided by antioxidant supplementation during the training period.…”

Section: Antioxidant Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From muscle disuse to myopathy in COPD: potential contribution of oxidative stress

Couillard

Préfaut²

2005

Eur Respir J

165

125

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Evidence has been accumulating that chronic inactivity leading to muscle disuse is unlikely to be the only explanation for the peripheral muscle dysfunction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Although a new concept of myopathy was recently proposed, the question of disuse and/or a form of myopathy is still being debated. This review proposes definitions for the terms used in this debate, discusses the relevant studies and concludes that the evidence points to a myopathy associated with muscle disuse in COPD.COPD myopathy implies pharmacological and/or pathophysiological mechanisms that need to be identified in order to optimally orient therapeutic strategies. The literature indicates that corticosteroids, inflammation, hypoxaemia and oxidative stress are among the factors contributing to COPD muscle dysfunction, but their relative contributions have not been fully elucidated.This review presents the advances in understanding each of these mechanisms, especially the data showing that muscle oxidative stress occurs and contributes to muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The current review also reports the studies that have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying this stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by demonstrating alterations in oxidant and/or antioxidant systems. Finally, the review considers how inflammation and hypoxaemia may trigger oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease muscles and presents the therapeutic modalities that should be proposed to prevent it.

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Increase in selenium requirements with physical activity loads in well‐trained athletes is not linear

et al. 2005

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Selenium requirements in athletes are supposed to be increased with energy expenditure (EE) to preserve selenium status and an optimal antioxidant balance. The question of whether selenium intakes are related to EE and whether plasma selenium status induces up-regulation in erythrocyte endogenous antioxidant defense and decreases plasma oxidative damage markers in athletes was addressed. 118 well-trained athletes completed 7 d food and activities records in a cross-sectional study. Blood was sampled on day 8. Among the athletes, 23% of the males and 66% of the females had selenium intakes below two-third of the French RDA. Plasma selenium concentrations in most of less trained athletes were lower than the postulated concentration to be required to maximize erythrocyte GSH-Px activity. Athletes with the highest daily EE had the highest selenium intakes, percentage of vegetal protein intakes and plasma selenium concentrations. Only 2.6% of the athletes exhibited low plasma selenium concentrations (< 0.75 micromol/l). The relation between plasma selenium and EE was polynomial (r = 0.50; P < 0.005). Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity in athletes was not linked to selenium status. Selenium requirements are increased in athletes without being linearly related to EE.

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Antioxidant supplementation preserves antioxidant response in physical training and low antioxidant intake

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

From muscle disuse to myopathy in COPD: potential contribution of oxidative stress

Increase in selenium requirements with physical activity loads in well‐trained athletes is not linear

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