Antioxidative properties and inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis on melanogenesis

Abstract

Melanin is a dark pigment produced by melanocytes. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis. However, accumulation of melanin leads to various skin hyperpigmentation disorders. To find a novel skin-whitening agent, the antioxidant capacity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis culture filtrate and inhibitory effect on melanogenesis were investigated. The antioxidant effects of B. adolescentis culture filtrate include 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power were measured spectrophotometrically. The reducing power is a useful index for the evaluation of potential antioxidants which carry out reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of the bacterial culture filtrate on mushroom tyrosinase, B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content were also determined. The results revealed that B. adolescentis culture filtrate (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 %; v/v) effectively scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, and lower concentrations of the bacterial culture filtrates (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %; v/v) showed potent reducing power in a dose-dependent pattern. Additionally, the bacterial culture filtrate suppressed murine tyrosinase activity and decreased the amount of melanin in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that B. adolescentis culture filtrate decreases the melanogenesis process of melanoma cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, which we suggest may be mediated through its antioxidant activity.

In vitro evaluation of antagonism, modulation of cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins by Bifidobacterium strains

“…Fibroblast viability was not affected when maintained in contact with the bifidobacteria (data not shown). The results of cytotoxicity obtained in the present study were similar to those described in another study (Huang and Chang ) which demonstrated that bifidobacteria must be used in their relatively low but physiological concentrations (10 3 and 10 5 CFU per well) in skin culture to be harmless. Based on these data, intermediate concentrations of 10 3 and 10 5 CFU per well were adopted for future analysis of cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins, due to their lack of cytotoxicity and similarity with the population levels found on the skin (Baviera et al .…”

“…Besides its well‐known probiotic characteristics for intestinal disorders, bifidobacteria have also shown dermatological potential when applied topically (Huang et al . ; Huang and Chang ). According to Guéniche et al .…”

Flavonols enhanced production of anti‐inflammatory substance(s) by Bifidobacterium adolescentis: Prebiotic actions of galangin, quercetin, and fisetin

“…In in vivo experiments, this strain has helped to improve folate status (folate‐overproducing strain MB227 and MB239) , delay dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis development (DSM20086) , ameliorate visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in high fat‐fed rats , and suppress nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced ulcer formation (ATCC15703) . Also, B. adolescentis culture filtrate has also shown the ability to be useful for radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition . There are some studies that have shown the anti‐inflammatory properties of the conditioned medium from B. adolescentis (one strain isolated from healthy infants) and other Bifidobacterium genus including B. breve (C50, Yakult, and two strains isolated from healthy infants) , B. bifidum (B536, Yakult, ATCC15696, B791, and three strains isolated from healthy infants) , B. longum (NCC2705, VMKB44, and three strains isolated from healthy infants).…”

Bioproduction, characterization, anticancer and antioxidant activities of extracellular melanin pigment produced by newly isolated microbial cell factories Streptomyces glaucescens NEAE-H

“…Melanins may also play a role in protecting against antimicrobial drugs 10 whereas in plants melanin is incorporated in their cell walls as strengtheners 11 . In humans, melanin not only determines the skin color, but also plays an important role in protecting against UV radiation 12 and its lack leads to several abnormalities and diseases. Due to their chemical composition, melanins have physicochemical properties that allow them to act as ultraviolet absorbers, cation exchangers, drug carriers, amorphous semiconductors, X-ray and γ-ray absorbers 13 .…”