Antioxidative therapy in contusion spinal cord injury

Cristante, Alexandre Fogaça; Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa Barros; Oliveira, Reginaldo Perilo; Marcon, Raphael Martus; Rocha, Ivan Dias da; Hanania, Fábio Richieri; Daci, K

doi:10.1038/sc.2008.155

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, neurophysiological changes are commonly detected in asymptomatic patients. 13,21,22 In this study, the BBB scale evaluation showed that rats that received the combined treatment exhibited significantly better recovery than the other groups. This recovery occurred after the 14th day post-SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previous studies have also shown functional recovery without an obvious underlying anatomical change in the spinal cord lesion. 13,21,22 The mechanisms that underlie our observations of increased BBB scores and evoked potential tests in experimental rats without evidence of axonal regeneration remain to be discussed and might certainly inspire new research. We found that the combined treatment (exercise plus antidepressant) and the isolated treatments triggered different responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2013

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Study design: Experimental, controlled, animal study. Objectives: To evaluate the influences of antidepressant treatment, treadmill gait training and a combination of these therapies in rats with experimental, acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Brazil. Methods: 48 Wistar rats were given standardized SCI; rats were then randomly assigned to four treatment groups: (1) motor rehabilitation therapy for 1 hour daily (gait training); (2) daily treatment with the antidepressant, fluoxetine (0.3 ml per 100 g intraperitoneally), beginning 24 h after the trauma; (3) combined fluoxetine treatment and gait training, or (4) untreated (controls). Neurological recovery was tested with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 ,35 and 42 days after injury. Moreover, on day 42, all rats underwent a motor-evoked potential test (MEP); then, after euthanasia, histopathological evaluation was conducted in the area of SCI. Results: Based on the BBB scale, the combined treatment group showed significantly greater improvement compared with the other three groups, from the 14th to the 42nd day of observation. The MEP revealed that all treated groups showed significant improvement compared with the control group (Po0.02 for latency and Po0.01 for amplitude). Conclusion: Our results indicated that a combination of antidepressant and treadmill gait training was superior to either treatment alone for improving functional deficits in rats with experimental, acute SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2013

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] In our protocol we opted for the "MASCIS IMPACTOR" model, which uses weight drop from a standardized height causing spinal cord contusion in rats, after which they are assessed in their locomotor function. 1,2,7 In this experimental study we used Wistar rats due to the low cost and ease in their obtainment. The functional assessment methods are not yet totally standardized, with several descriptions in literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some assessment criteria have been presented in literature, and the scale proposed by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan, BBB, is that used in this study. 1,2,4 Defined as a scale of 21 points that observes recovery of locomotion in the hind limb after thoracic spinal cord injury in rats, this scale represents a detailed and organized categorization of the recovery of movements in the lower limb following the spinal cord lesion. Each index represents a single and sequential stage of behavioral recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelo experimental de lesão medular e protocolo de avaliação motora em ratos wistar

Santos¹,

Cristante²,

Marcon³

et al. 2011

Acta ortop. bras.

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Objectives: To determine a standardized spinal cord contusion model and a method for motor assessment in rats with paraplegia. Methods: This study used 20 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups according to level of severity of spinal cord injury; standardized intermediate lesions were made through system MASCIS IMPACTOR (Multicenter Animal Spinal Cord Injury Study): group 1, 12.5mm (mild injury); group 2,25mm (moderate injury); group 3,50mm (severe injury; in the group 4 the animals suffered no injury (control group). Motor function was assessed after 48 hours, using the scale proposed by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan. Results: Using the model, we observed that the mild contusions (12.5mm height) were effective, and the animals presented acute urinary tract infection one week after the injury. Moderate contusions (25mm height) were effective, and the animals presented urinary infection until 2 weeks after injury. The severe contusions (50mm height) were effective, and the animals presented urinary infection for 3 to 4 weeks and autophagy. Conclusion: The model of spinal cord injury using the system MASCIS IMPACTOR and the functional assessment proposed by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan is reproducible and can be used, enabling information exchange among different researchers.

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Combinatorial treatment of acute spinal cord injury with ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and ketogenic diet does not result in improved histologic or functional outcome

Streijger

Lee

Duncan

et al. 2014

Journal of Neuroscience Research

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Because of the complex, multifaceted nature of spinal cord injury (SCI), it is widely believed that a combination of approaches will be superior to individual treatments. Therefore, we employed a rat model of cervical SCI to evaluate the combination of four noninvasive treatments that individually have been reported to be effective for acute SCI during clinically relevant therapeutic time windows. These treatments included ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and ketogenic diet (KD). These were selected not only because of their previously reported efficacy in SCI models but also for their potentially different mechanisms of action. The administration of ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD several hours to days postinjury was based on previous observations by others that each treatment had profound effects on the pathophysiology and functional outcome following SCI. Here we showed that, with the exception of a modest improvement in performance on the Montoya staircase test at 8-10 weeks postinjury, the combinatorial treatment with ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD did not result in any significant improvements in the rearing test, grooming test, or horizontal ladder. Histologic analysis of the spinal cords did not reveal any significant differences in tissue sparing between treatment and control groups. Although single approaches of ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD have been reported to be beneficial after SCI, our results show that the combination of the four interventions did not confer significant functional or histological improvements in a cervical model of SCI. Possible interactions among the treatments may have negated their beneficial effects, emphasizing the challenges that have to be addressed when considering combinatorial drug therapies for SCI.

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Antioxidative therapy in contusion spinal cord injury

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

Modelo experimental de lesão medular e protocolo de avaliação motora em ratos wistar

Combinatorial treatment of acute spinal cord injury with ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and ketogenic diet does not result in improved histologic or functional outcome

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