Antiphospholipid antibodies in response to infection

Avčin, Tadej; Toplak, Nataša

doi:10.1007/s11926-007-0034-x

Cited by 81 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…While the association of aPL and smoking has been reported in studies of vascular events (as described above), the published reviews [8,9,86] describing the relationship of infections and aPL have not considered a possible association between aPL and smoking, possibly because of widespread support for the mimicry model.…”

Section: Periodontal Infections Smoking and Aplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-phospholipid Antibodies and Smoking: An Overview

Binder

Litwin

2016

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, specifically lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-β2 glycoprotein-I antibodies. Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur on its own or in association with other autoimmune diseases, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A connection between cigarette smoking and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) was first reported in the late1980s. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with aPL are more likely to be smokers than those without aPL. These patients have a particularly high frequency of vascular events. Recently, a potential link between periodontitis, tobacco, and aPL has been proposed. Research has also suggested that periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection are associated with citrullination through the action of peptidylarginine deiminase. A strong correlation between smoking and the presence of citrillunated autoantibodies, which are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, has also been observed. While many studies have investigated possible links between infection and aPL in patients with autoimmune diseases, the association of smoking with aPL has not been systematically examined. The fact that both aPL and tobacco are risk factors for thrombosis has complicated efforts to evaluate these factors separately. Also, there has been great variability in measurement techniques, and laboratories lack routine methods for differentiating transient and persistent aPL; both of these factors can make interpretation of autoantibody results quite challenging. This review summarizes the clinical evidence supporting a posited link between aPL and smoking, both in patients with a systemic autoimmune disease and in patients with other medical conditions.

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Section: Periodontal Infections Smoking and Aplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-phospholipid Antibodies and Smoking: An Overview

Binder

Litwin

2016

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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“…The infections most frequently associated with APS include parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), streptococcal and staphylococcal infections, gram-negative bacteria, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Infections and Antiphospholipid Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Garcı́a-Carrasco

Galarza-Maldonado

Mendoza‐Pinto³

et al. 2008

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Currently, the origin of autoimmune diseases is considered to be multifactorial. Genetic predisposition, immune system malfunction or even backfire, hormonal regulation, and environmental factors, i.e. infections, all play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). New drugs and strategies aimed at preventing infections could further improve the outcome of APS and other autoimmune diseases.

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“…The recommendations for the 1997 update were consensus-based and the operating characteristics of the updated criteria set have never been validated. As persistent aPL can also be found in many other conditions [13][14][15][16] , the inclusion of aPL in ACR97 could, in theory, change SLE incidence and prevalence, e.g., by including patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In the same way, the association between aPL and thrombosis 16,17 may affect the spectrum of disease manifestations by emphasizing vascular events in SLE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the 1997 Updated Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Disease Presentation, and Patient Management

Eilertsen¹,

Becker-Merok²,

Nossent³

2009

J Rheumatol

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ABSTRACT. Objective. The 1997 update of the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (ACR97) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been validated. We determined to what extent their introduction influenced the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the disease in northern Norway. Methods. Annual incidence and point-prevalence rates, clinical manifestations, and outcome were determined in an inception cohort of patients with SLE in northern Norway, included between 1996 and 2006, using ACR97 criteria (97acr). These findings were compared with a cohort from the same area enrolled 1978-1995 using the 1982 revised criteria ACR82 (82acr). Results. The mean annual incidence of SLE was 3.00 for cohort 97acr (n = 58) versus 2.63 for cohort 82acr (n = 81) (p = 0.5). All patients in the 97acr cohort also fulfilled the 1982 criteria; however, significantly fewer patients presented with discoid rash [odds ratio (OR) 0.31)], arthritis (OR 0.24), renal (OR 0.28) or hematological disorder (OR 0.27), and significantly more with anti-dsDNA (OR 2.57) and antiphospholipid antibodies (OR 27.9). Initial treatment with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (OR 9.23), azathioprine (OR 6.32), and low-dose aspirin (OR 20.9) was increased in cohort 97acr. Five-(95.2%) and 10-year survival (91.9%) rates were also improved for cohort 97acr. Conclusion. The ACR97 criteria set has construct validity compared to the ACR82 criteria set. SLE incidence remains unchanged in northern Norway, but a significant reduction of renal disease and further improvements in survival rates occurred simultaneously with increased serological surveillance with ELISA-based assays and early immunosuppressive and anticoagulant therapy.

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Antiphospholipid antibodies in response to infection

Cited by 81 publications

References 56 publications

Anti-phospholipid Antibodies and Smoking: An Overview

Anti-phospholipid Antibodies and Smoking: An Overview

Infections and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The Influence of the 1997 Updated Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Disease Presentation, and Patient Management

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