Antivenom availability, delays and use in Australia

Isbister, Geoffrey K.

doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100145

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Medical staff in primary medical institutions have more opportunities to contact snakebite patients. However, because most snakebite patients do not regard snakebite as an emergency event, pre-hospital delays cause symptoms to increase and patients need to be referred to higher-level hospitals for treatment [ 33 , 34 ], which may lead to differences in the knowledge of snakebite diagnosis and treatment among medical staff at different levels. Our findings are consistent with those reported in Nigeria [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Snakebite Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge Among Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hu,

Lv,

Song

et al. 2023

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the current status of the knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of snakebites among medical staff in China and its influencing factors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 12,581 medical staff was conducted in 12 provinces in China between June 2022 and February 2023. We analyzed the results using descriptive statistics, T-tests or analysis of variance, and a generalized linear model.Results: The average score of snakebite diagnosis and treatment knowledge among medical staff in China was 3.15 ± 2.15 out of a total score of 12. Through a generalized linear regression model, we found that gender, occupation, region, hospital level, work department, work tenure, training received in the diagnosis and treatment of snakebite, experience in snakebite diagnosis and treatment, availability of antivenom in the unit, and self-evaluation of snakebite treatment ability all affected the medical staff’s scores of snakebite diagnosis and treatment knowledge.Conclusion: The knowledge level of snakebite diagnosis and treatment among Chinese medical staff is generally low, so it is imperative to conduct standardized snakebite diagnosis and treatment training for medical staff.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Snakebite Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge Among Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hu,

Lv,

Song

et al. 2023

Int J Public Health

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“…Lessons can be gleaned from experiences with antivenom funding and distribution that could be applied to market issues for such a device. Studies of the global antivenom markets( Gutiérrez, 2012 , 2019 ; Habib and Brown, 2018 ; Williams et al, 2011a ), and markets in South East Asia,( Patikorn et al, 2022 ), Africa( Brown, 2012 ; Habib et al, 2020 ; Potet et al, 2019 ), Australia( Isbister, 2023 ), and South America( Fan and Monteiro, 2018 ), reveal that significant markets exist in these regions, but supply chain, quality control, and distribution issues prevent supplies from adequately reaching these markets.…”

Section: Im or Sc Administration Of Sbe Therapies Using A Medical Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming

Werner,

Soffa

2023

Toxicon: X

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“…Previously, Thai antivenoms raised against multiple species have been proven to be experimentally efficacious and clinically effective [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 28 , 29 ]. However, antivenoms need to be administered to snakebite patients as early as possible to increase their effectiveness [ 30 ]. There is also a need to search for alternative or adjunct therapies where the use of non-specific antivenoms is unavoidable or to complement antivenoms, particularly in instances where the administration of antivenom is delayed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Efficacy of Antivenoms and Varespladib against the In Vitro Pre-Synaptic Neurotoxicity of Thai and Javanese Russell’s Viper (Daboia spp.) Venoms

Lay,

Hodgson

2024

Toxins

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The heterogeneity in venom composition and potency in disparate Eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) populations has repercussions for the efficacy of antivenoms. This is particularly pronounced in geographical areas in which the venom of the local species has not been well studied and locally produced antivenoms are unavailable. In such cases, alternative therapies following envenoming, which are not limited by species specificity, may be employed to complement antivenoms. We studied the neuromuscular activity of D. siamensis venom from Thailand and Java (Indonesia) and the ability of Thai antivenoms and/or Varespladib to prevent or reverse these effects. Both Thai and Javanese D. siamensis venoms displayed potent pre-synaptic neurotoxicity but weak myotoxicity in the chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparation. Whilst the neurotoxicity induced by both venoms was abolished by the prior administration of Thai D. siamensis monovalent antivenom or pre-incubation with Varespladib, Thai neuro-polyvalent antivenom only produced partial protection when added prior to venom. Pre-synaptic neurotoxicity was not reversed by the post-venom addition of either antivenom 30 or 60 min after either venom. Varespladib, when added 60 min after venom, prevented further inhibition of indirect twitches. However, the subsequent addition of additional concentrations of Varespladib did not result in further recovery from neurotoxicity. The combination of Thai monovalent antivenom and Varespladib, added 60 min after venom, resulted in additional recovery of twitches caused by either Thai or Javanese venoms compared with antivenom alone. In conclusion, we have shown that Varespladib can prevent and partially reverse the pre-synaptic neurotoxicity induced by either Thai or Javanese D. siamensis venoms. The efficacy of Thai D. siamensis monovalent antivenom in reversing pre-synaptic neurotoxicity was significantly enhanced by its co-administration with Varespladib. Further work is required to establish the efficacy of Varespladib as a primary or adjunct therapy in human envenoming.

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Antivenom availability, delays and use in Australia

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Snakebite Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge Among Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Snakebite Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge Among Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming

A Comparison of the Efficacy of Antivenoms and Varespladib against the In Vitro Pre-Synaptic Neurotoxicity of Thai and Javanese Russell’s Viper (Daboia spp.) Venoms

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