Antiviral Activities of Polysaccharides from Natural Sources

Sambucus ebulus extract stimulates cellular responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis

“…As mentioned earlier, S ebulus has been utilized as an important herbal drug in traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases . The various medicinal activities of Sambucus species have been previously described including anti‐ Helicobacter, antibacterial, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory and radical scavenging effects, as well as inhibitory effects of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) . Further, it has also shown a rapid wound healing activity …”

Bioactivity and Applications of Sulphated Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

“…Several mechanisms have been proposed. Hayashi and colleagues [40] noted that sPS inhibited infection by different viruses by inhibiting the penetration of viral particles into host cells, but other mechanisms can also be the involved, such as the inhibition of attachment/adsorption, or even replication during the early phases of the virus cycle [41,87], without any toxicity to the host cells [37]. …”

Marine pharmacology in 2005–6: Marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action

“…Several reviews covering both general and specific subject areas of marine pharmacology were published during 2005–6: (a) general marine pharmacology : biodiversity as a continuing source of novel drug leads [136]; international collaboration in drug discovery and development [137]; indole alkaloid marine natural products as a promising source of new drug leads for multiple disease categories [138]; the biopotential of marine actinomycete diversity and natural product discovery [139]; the renaissance of natural products as drug candidates [140]; bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae [141]; drug discovery from natural sources [142]; a new resource for drug discovery: marine actinomycete bacteria [143]; bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts [144]; implications of marine biotechnology on drug discovery [145]; (b) antimicrobial marine pharmacology: advances in antimicrobial and antiangiogenic pharmacology of squalamine [146]; marine natural products as anti-infective agents [147]; chemotyping/metabolomics use for metabolite profiling in microbial drug discovery [148]; the status of natural products from fungi and their potential as anti-infective agents [149]; (c) cardiovascular pharmacology : dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin and their protective cardiovascular effects [150]; (d) antituberculosis, antimalarial and antifungal marine pharmacology: compounds for infectious diseases [151]; marine natural products against tuberculosis [152]; (e) antiviral marine pharmacology: antiviral activities of polysaccharides from natural sources [153]; antiplasmodial marine natural products in the perspective of current chemotherapy and prevention of malaria [154]; (f) anti-inflammatory marine pharmacology : therapeutic potential of the antioxidative properties of coelenterazine, a marine bioluminescent substrate [155]; chemistry and biology of anti-inflammatory marine phospholipase A 2 inhibitors [156]; the structures, biosynthesis and pharmacology of the marine natural products of Pseudopterogoria elisabethae [157]; chemistry and biology of anti-inflammatory marine natural products [158]; marine sponge metabolites for the control of inflammatory diseases [159]; antioxidant metabolites from marine derived fungi [160]; (g) nervous system marine pharmacology : marine compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders [161]; potential candidates for Alzheimer’s disease [151]; novel pain relief via marine snails [162]; bryostatin-1: pharmacology and therapeutic potential as a CNS drug [163], and (h) miscellaneous molecular targets : V-ATPases as drug targets [164]; topoisomerase inhibitors of marine origin [165]; enzyme inhibitors from marine actinomycetes [166]; marine compounds as a new source for glycogen kinase 3 inhibitors [167]. …”