Antiviral Compounds Based on Natural Astragalus polysaccharides (APS): Research and Foresight in the Strategies for Combating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Dehkordi, Elahe Aleebrahim; Heidari-Soureshjani, Ehsan; Aryan, Alisam; Ganjirad, Zahra; Soveyzi, Faezeh; Hoseinsalari, Afsaneh; Derisi, Mohamad Mehdi; Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud

doi:10.2174/1389557522666220301143113

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Astragalus may relieve chronic ulcers, indigestion, coughing, and sweating by mobilizing the spleen, stomach, qi, and blood. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), a vital component of the Astragalus, have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immune-enhancing, and gut-microbiome-regulating properties (67,68). According to a study by Guiqing Ding et al (69), treatment with APS significantly reduced the size of melanoma tumors in mice after just 14 days compared to the model group.…”

Section: Chinese Medicine Monomers Sensitize Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 axis to sensitize cancer immunotherapy: a literature review

et al. 2023

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The Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) comprise the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and maintain tumor immune evasion. Cancer immunotherapy based on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies is the most promising anti-tumor treatment available but is currently facing the thorny problem of unsatisfactory outcomes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with its rich heritage of Chinese medicine monomers, herbal formulas, and physical therapies like acupuncture, moxibustion, and catgut implantation, is a multi-component and multi-target system of medicine known for enhancing immunity and preventing the spread of disease. TCM is often used as an adjuvant therapy for cancer in clinical practices, and recent studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of combining TCM with cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we examined the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and its role in tumor immune escape while exploring how TCM therapies can modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Our findings suggest that TCM therapy can enhance cancer immunotherapy by reducing the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, regulating T-cell function, improving the tumor immune microenvironment, and regulating intestinal flora. We hope this review may serve as a valuable resource for future studies on the sensitization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.

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Section: Chinese Medicine Monomers Sensitize Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 axis to sensitize cancer immunotherapy: a literature review

et al. 2023

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“…The root and aerial parts of the plant are generally used in the form of decoction, brewing, bathing, porridge, chewing, infusion, and powder [ 23 ]. Some pharmacological studies on Astragalus species indicate that they exhibit anti-inflammatory [ 24 ], neuroprotective [ 25 ], immunomodulatory [ 26 ], antioxidative, antidiabetic, anticholinergic [ 24 ], cardiotonic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-depressive, antiblastic [ 21 ], anticancer [ 27 ], anti-aging [ 28 ], hepatoprotective [ 29 ], and antiviral activities [ 30 ]. Astragalus species primarily contain polysaccharides in the glucan structure [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Antiglaucoma, Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Antioxidant Activities of Astragalus alopecurus Pall—Analysis of Phenolics Profiles by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2023

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Astragalus species are traditionally used for diabetes, ulcers, leukemia, wounds, stomachaches, sore throats, abdominal pain, and toothaches. Although the preventive effects of Astragalus species against diseases are known, there is no record of the therapeutic effects of Astragalus alopecurus. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiglaucoma, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, and antioxidant activities of the methanolic (MEAA) and water (WEAA) extracts of the aerial part of A. alopecurus. Additionally, its phenolic compound profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MEAA and WEAA were evaluated for their inhibition ability on α-glycosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzymes. The phenolic compounds of MEAA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. In this context, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DMPD), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating methods. MEAA and WEAA had IC50 values of 9.07 and 2.24 μg/mL for α-glycosidase, 693.15 and 346.58 μg/mL for α-amylase, 1.99 and 2.45 μg/mL for AChE, and 147.7 and 171.7 μg/mL for hCA II. While the total phenolic amounts in MEAA and WEAA were 16.00 and 18.50 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg extract, the total flavonoid contents in both extracts were calculated as 66.23 and 33.115 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/mg, respectively. MEAA and WEAA showed, respectively, variable activities on DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 99.02 and 115.53 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging (IC50: 32.21 and 30.22 µg/mL), DMPD radical scavenging (IC50: 231.05 and 65.22 μg/mL), and Fe2+ chelating (IC50: 46.21 and 33.01 μg/mL). MEAA and WEAA reducing abilities were, respectively, Fe3+ reducing (λ700: 0.308 and 0.284), FRAP (λ593: 0.284 and 0.284), and CUPRAC (λ450: 0.163 and 0.137). A total of 35 phenolics were scanned, and 10 phenolic compounds were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. LC-MS/MS revealed that MEAA mainly contained isorhamnetin, fumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid derivatives. This is the first report indicating that MEAA and WEAA have α-glycosidase, α-amylase, AChE, hCA II inhibition abilities, and antioxidant activities. These results demonstrate the potential of Astragalus species through antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitor ability traditionally used in medicine. This work provides the foundation for further research into the establishment of novel therapeutics for diabetes, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s disease.

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“…Traditional Chinese medicine believes that RA is a remedy for “Qi deficiency” and its main effects include tonifying qi and lifting yang, promoting fluid production, and nourishing blood [ 3 ]. Clinical studies have shown that RA possesses various biological activities such as enhancing the body’s immunity, as well as anti-tumor and antivirus properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Modern pharmacological research shows that the function of invigorating qi with RA is mainly through enhancing the hematopoietic function, improving material metabolism, enhancing the immune function of the body, strengthening the heart, as well as antioxidant and other processes [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Radix Astragali from Different Growth Patterns, Origins, Species, and Growth Years by an H1-NMR Spectrogram of Polysaccharide Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition and Determination of Its Polysaccharide Content and Immunological Activity

Guo

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The fraud phenomenon is currently widespread in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Astragali (RA) market, especially where high-quality RA is substituted with low-quality RA. In this case, focused on polysaccharides from RA, the classification models were established for discrimination of RA from different growth patterns, origins, species, and growth years. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1-NMR) was used to establish the spectroscopy of polysaccharides from RA, which were used to distinguish RA via chemical pattern recognition methods. Specifically, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to successfully establish the classification models for RA from different growth patterns, origins, species, and growth years. The satisfactory parameters and high accuracy of internal and external verification of each model exhibited the reliable and good prediction ability of the developed models. In addition, the polysaccharide content and immunological activity were also tested, which was evaluated by the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7. And the result showed that growth patterns and origins significantly affected the quality of RA. However, there was no significant difference in the aspects of origins and growth years. Accordingly, the developed strategy combined with chemical information, biological activity, and multivariate statistical method can provide new insight for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.

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Antiviral Compounds Based on Natural Astragalus polysaccharides (APS): Research and Foresight in the Strategies for Combating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Cited by 8 publications

References 80 publications

Traditional Chinese medicine inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 axis to sensitize cancer immunotherapy: a literature review

Traditional Chinese medicine inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 axis to sensitize cancer immunotherapy: a literature review

Screening of Antiglaucoma, Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Antioxidant Activities of Astragalus alopecurus Pall—Analysis of Phenolics Profiles by LC-MS/MS

Discrimination of Radix Astragali from Different Growth Patterns, Origins, Species, and Growth Years by an H1-NMR Spectrogram of Polysaccharide Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition and Determination of Its Polysaccharide Content and Immunological Activity

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